Question 1

In an unfamiliar culture,the collectivist self is most likely to experience a greater loss of

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an unfamiliar culture,the collectivist self is...

Question 2

People living in a culture that promotes individualism are more likely than people in collectivist cultures to value

Accepted Answer

Individualistic cultures prioritize personal freedom and autonomy. The emphasis is on individual achievement, personal success, and self-expression, which are considered strong personal values. In collectivist cultures, group identification and interdependence are preferred over individualism. Modesty and respect for the elderly may be important values in both individualistic and collectivist cultures.

Question 3

A willingness to switch jobs and move from one part of the country to another best illustrates one of the consequences of

Accepted Answer

Individualism emphasizes the value of personal autonomy and the ability to make choices independently, which can lead individuals to prioritize their own goals and needs over those of their community or organization. This can manifest in a willingness to switch jobs or move to new locations in pursuit of personal growth or opportunities that better align with individual goals.

Question 4

During a heated argument with his father,15-year-old Jason developed a paralysis of his right arm.Medical examinations can find no physical cause for the paralysis.Use Freud's psychoanalytic perspective to explain how the paralysis may be Jason's attempt to deal with an unconscious conflict between his id and superego.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During a heated argument with his father,15-year-old...

Question 5

Kelly loves to boast about her accomplishments and becomes very upset when anyone criticizes her.Kelly most clearly demonstrates

Accepted Answer

Kelly's behavior of becoming upset when criticized suggests that she has defensive self-esteem, which is characterized by being fragile and easily threatened by critiques or failures. This is in contrast to secure self-esteem, which is characterized by feeling confident and worthwhile regardless of external feedback. The spotlight effect refers to the tendency to overestimate how much others notice and evaluate our behavior, while self-efficacy refers to one's belief in their ability to successfully execute a task or achieve a goal.

Question 6

The preference for unique and unusual names is most likely representative of a culture characterized by

Accepted Answer

The preference for unique and unusual names suggests a value placed on individualism, or the importance of standing out as an individual rather than conforming to the norms of the group. Modesty (A) values humility and downplaying one's individual achievements or characteristics, which is not consistent with choosing a unique name. Group identification (C) and collectivism (D) prioritize the needs and goals of the group over the individual, which is also inconsistent with valuing uniqueness in personal identity.

Question 7

Individualism is to collectivism as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Individualism emphasizes on being independent, self-reliant and taking care of oneself, while collectivism focuses on interdependence, community support and working towards the common good. Therefore, the opposite of individualism is interdependence, making C the best choice.

Question 8

Accepting ourselves without excessive dependence on the approval of others best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Secure self-esteem is defined as the ability to accept oneself without excessive dependence on the approval of others. This means that one is able to maintain a positive self-image regardless of external validation or criticism. Reciprocal determinism refers to the mutual influence between behavior, environment, and personal factors, and is not related to self-esteem. Defensive self-esteem is characterized by an overreliance on external validation and a tendency to react defensively to feedback or criticism. Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.

Question 9

Professor Shankar believes that her students' most important personal characteristics are those that distinguish them as uniquely different from most other people.Her attitude best illustrates one of the consequences of

Accepted Answer

Professor Shankar's belief in valuing individual uniqueness is in line with the principles of individualism, which emphasizes personal autonomy and self-expression over group conformity.

Question 10

When Mr.Thompson lived overseas for a year,he was very surprised at how much respect he received from people simply because he was an older person.His sense of surprise suggests that he had NOT previously lived in a culture characterized by

Accepted Answer

The fact that Mr. Thompson was surprised at the respect he received simply because he was an older person suggests that he was not previously living in a culture characterized by collectivism, which values respect for elders and emphasizes the importance of the group over the individual. Cultures characterized by individualism (option D) tend to prioritize individual autonomy and achievement, while cultures characterized by introversion (option A) or extraversion (option C) are more focused on personality traits and preferences.

Question 11

The importance of romance in marriage relationships is most strongly emphasized in cultures characterized by

Accepted Answer

Individualistic cultures emphasize personal choice, autonomy, and self-fulfillment, which aligns with the emphasis on romantic love as a basis for marriage. In contrast, collectivist cultures often prioritize family and community needs over individual desires, which may include arranged marriages or marriages based more on practical considerations than on romance.

Question 12

People living in a culture that promotes collectivism are more likely than those in individualist cultures to report experiencing

Accepted Answer

Collectivist cultures prioritize group harmony and interdependence, and individuals are expected to fulfill their role in their family and community. Therefore, family obligations are valued and people are more likely to report experiencing them. Defensive self-esteem, personal freedom, and marital romance may be valued in individualist cultures where autonomy and independence are prioritized.

Question 13

Julie's positive feelings about herself are very consistent and do not depend on her frequent athletic and academic successes or on her level of popularity among friends and classmates.Julie best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Julie's consistent positive feelings about herself regardless of external factors indicate that she has a secure self-esteem. This means that her self-esteem is based on an internal sense of self-worth and not dependent on external validation.

Question 14

Compared with people in individualist cultures,those in collectivist cultures are

Accepted Answer

Collectivist cultures prioritize the needs and interests of the group over those of the individual, which often leads to a strong emphasis on humility and community goals. In contrast, individualist cultures usually value personal achievement and self-expression more highly than solidarity with others. Therefore, people from collectivist cultures are more likely to display signs of humility and more likely to value group goals.

Question 15

Which of the following people is most likely to come from an individualist culture?

Accepted Answer

Individuals from individualistic cultures tend to prioritize personal goals and autonomy over group goals and interdependence. Samuel's emphasis on personal responsibility and success suggests that he comes from an individualistic culture.

Question 16

In one study,brain scans suggested that collectivists experience greater emotional pain than individualists when viewing other people in distress.This study best illustrates the methods and interests of

Accepted Answer

This study involves examining the intersection between cultural norms and neurological responses, which falls under the realm of cultural neuroscience. Humanistic psychology focuses on individual potential and self-actualization, behaviorism focuses on observable behavior and conditioning, and the social-cognitive perspective examines the effects of environmental and cognitive factors on behavior.

Question 17

A collectivist culture is especially likely to emphasize the importance of

Accepted Answer

A collectivist culture values the importance of social harmony, cooperation, and taking care of the needs of the group over personal desires and ambitions. In such cultures, individuals are expected to prioritize the well-being of the collective rather than their own needs or aspirations. Personal privacy, self-image, and self-esteem are not necessarily emphasized in collectivist cultures.

Question 18

In recent years,the percentage of American boys and girls given one of the 10 most common names for their birth year has plunged.This best reflects Americans' increasing

Accepted Answer

The decrease in popularity of top 10 names suggests a shift towards individualism, as parents are choosing more unique names for their children instead of conforming to popular trends.

Question 19

Chen-ling values group goals and group solidarity more than individual recognition for her professional accomplishments.Her identity is based on her affiliation with her family.Chen-ling's values most closely coincide with

Accepted Answer

Chen-ling's values of prioritizing group goals and solidarity and identifying with her family align with the cultural value of collectivism, which values the group over the individual.

Question 20

Voluntary emigration,a sparsely populated environment,and a shift to a capitalist economy have most clearly fostered

Accepted Answer

Voluntary emigration and a sparsely populated environment can lead to individuals relying more on themselves and valuing their independence, which fosters individualism. Additionally, a shift to a capitalist economy encourages competition and self-interest, further promoting individualism. Extraversion, reciprocal determinism, and agreeableness are not directly related to these factors.

Quiz 13: Personality