Question 1

Encoding a word on the basis of its meaning produces a better memory of the word than encoding a word on the basis of its sound.This best illustrates the value of:

Accepted Answer

Deep processing involves encoding information based on its meaning, which is a more effective way of creating lasting memories than encoding information based on sound or appearance alone. This is because deeper processing requires elaboration and connection of the information with existing knowledge in our memory, making it more likely to be retrieved and remembered in the future.

Question 2

Most people misrecall the sentence,"The angry rioter threw the rock at the window" as "The angry rioter threw the rock through the window." This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of semantic processing, where the meaning of the sentence is remembered rather than the exact wording, leading to a slight alteration in recall that maintains the overall gist or meaning of the original sentence. Semantic processing involves the encoding of the meaning of words and sentences, and in this case, the alteration from "at the window" to "through the window" doesn't significantly change the semantic content or the overall meaning conveyed by the sentence.

Question 3

Damage to the ________ would most likely interfere with a person's ability to form new memories of a family vacation trip.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a region of the brain associated with the formation of new memories, particularly episodic memories (memories of events and experiences). Damage to this area would likely interfere with the ability to form new memories of a family vacation trip. The basal ganglia are involved in motor control, the cerebellum in coordination and balance, and the amygdala in emotional processing. While damage to these regions could affect other aspects of a person's experience of a family vacation trip, they would not necessarily impact the formation of new memories in the way that damage to the hippocampus would.

Question 4

Using your working memory to link an unfamiliar textbook glossary term with the first letter sound required to pronounce the term illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using your working memory to link an...

Question 5

The hippocampus helps process ________ memories for long-term storage.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is known for its role in mediating explicit or declarative memories, which are conscious memories of facts and events that can be intentionally recalled. It does not play a major role in processing procedural or automatic memories, which are more implicit and not necessarily consciously accessible.

Question 6

Rephrasing text material in your own words is an effective way to promote:

Accepted Answer

Rephrasing text material in your own words requires a deeper level of processing than simply reading or memorizing the original text. This promotes deeper understanding and retention of the information, which is characteristic of deep processing. It does not primarily promote implicit memory, the peg-word system, or iconic memory.

Question 7

The human capacity for storing long-term memories is:

Accepted Answer

The human capacity for storing long-term memories is essentially limitless. While there may be some limitations to the amount of information that can be stored in short-term memory, research has shown that the capacity for long-term memory is virtually unlimited. People are able to store vast amounts of information over their lifetimes, including facts, events, and experiences, and often retain this information for many years or even decades.

Question 8

Recalling a visual scene of last month's party and holding it in working memory would be most likely to activate the:

Accepted Answer

The right frontal lobe is responsible for visual spatial processing and working memory, which would be utilized when recalling a visual scene from memory. The cerebellum, on the other hand, is more involved in motor coordination and balance.

Question 9

Which of the following questions about the word pen would best prepare you to correctly remember tomorrow that you had seen that word in today's test?

Accepted Answer

Associating the word with a context or sentence can help with retention and recall. The other options (A, B, D) do not provide as strong of a connection to the word and may not be as helpful for memory retention.

Question 10

The network that processes and stores explicit memories includes the:

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus, located in the medial temporal lobe, plays a crucial role in the formation and storage of explicit memories, while the frontal lobes are involved in the retrieval and processing of these memories. Therefore, the correct answer is C, which includes both the hippocampus and frontal lobes. The basal ganglia and cerebellum are involved in the processing and storage of implicit memories, such as motor skills and habits.

Question 11

Deep processing of verbal information involves encoding the ________ of words.

Accepted Answer

Deep processing involves encoding the meaning, or semantic, aspect of words, rather than just the superficial features such as their sounds or shapes.

Question 12

Encoding verbal information based on the meaning of words is called:

Accepted Answer

Semantic processing involves encoding information based on the meaning of words, which is the process described in the question. The other options are incorrect:

A) Echoic memory refers to sensory memory for auditory information. 
B) The acronym effect refers to the phenomenon of better recall for information presented in the form of an acronym or abbreviation. 
D) Chunking involves breaking down information into smaller, more manageable units for better recall.

Question 13

Psychologist Karl Lashley found that rats retained at least a partial memory of how to navigate a maze after he:

Accepted Answer

Lashley conducted experiments by removing small pieces of the rats' cerebral cortex and found that even after significant portions of the cortex were removed, the rats retained a partial memory of how to navigate a maze. This led to the idea that memories are not stored in a specific area of the brain but rather are distributed throughout it.

Question 14

One reason adults typically recall little of their first three years of life is that during infancy they were unable to verbally label their experiences.This best illustrates that the formation of long-term memories often requires:

Accepted Answer

Semantic processing involves giving meaning to information, which is essential for the formation of long-term memories. Infants cannot verbally label their experiences, but as they develop their ability to attach meaning to the events they experience, they become better able to form lasting memories. Massed practice refers to repeated exposure to information in a short time frame, which can improve short-term but not necessarily long-term memory. Shallow processing involves processing information superficially, which does not lend itself to long-term memory formation. Parallel processing refers to the brain's ability to process multiple types of information simultaneously.

Question 15

Semantic memory is best described as ________ memory of _________.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory refers to the explicit memory of facts and general knowledge, such as historical events, scientific concepts, and language rules. It is different from episodic memory, which involves the explicit memory of personally experienced events and their associated contexts. Implicit memory, on the other hand, is unconscious and based on past experiences, such as motor skills and priming effects.

Question 16

Recalling your social security number and holding it in working memory would most clearly require activation of the:

Accepted Answer

Holding and recalling information in working memory is a task that involves the frontal lobes, specifically the left frontal lobe has been associated with verbal working memory and recall. The amygdala is involved in emotional processing, the basal ganglia in motor movement and learning, and the cerebellum in coordination and balance.

Question 17

Explicit memory of personally experienced events is known as:

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is the explicit memory of personally experienced events, including the context, people involved, and other details of the experience. Context-dependent memory refers to the fact that memory retrieval is better when the retrieval context matches the encoding context, procedural memory involves the memory of how to perform tasks or skills, and semantic memory is the memory of general knowledge and facts.

Question 18

Wei Dong was asked to memorize a long list of words that included ship,effort,professor,and inquire.He later recalled these words as boat,work,teacher,and question.This best illustrates the impact of:

Accepted Answer

Semantic processing involves encoding the meaning of words and concepts rather than just the superficial features of the word. In this case, Wei Dong's memory recall suggests that he processed the semantic meaning of the words (ship=boat, effort=work, professor=teacher, inquire=question) rather than just the surface features, indicating semantic processing was utilized.

Question 19

Consciously recalling that Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is the type of memory that involves the conscious recall of general knowledge and facts about the world, such as historical events, definitions, and concepts. The fact that Lincoln was assassinated by Booth is an example of semantic memory. State-dependent memory refers to the phenomenon where memory retrieval is influenced by the internal state of the individual at the time of encoding, procedural memory is the memory for how to perform motor skills and activities, and episodic memory refers to the memory of personal experiences and specific events.

Question 20

The self-reference effect best illustrates the value of:

Accepted Answer

The self-reference effect refers to our tendency to better remember information that is personally relevant to us. This effect is thought to be due to the fact that personal information is processed more deeply, involving semantic processing (relating the information to our own experiences and knowledge) as well as self-referential processing (relating the information to ourselves). Therefore, the self-reference effect best illustrates the value of deep processing.

Quiz 8: Memory