Question 1

The use of psychostimulants such as Ritalin is correlated with illegal drug use in adolescence and adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Studies have not consistently shown a direct correlation between the therapeutic use of psychostimulants like Ritalin for ADHD in childhood and an increased risk of illegal drug use in adolescence or adulthood. In fact, some research suggests that effective treatment of ADHD symptoms with medications may reduce the risk of substance abuse problems.

Question 2

The doctor's office effect is a known phenomenon where children present, free of symptoms, in novel and structured situations.

Accepted Answer

The doctor's office effect is a real phenomenon where children may show decreased symptoms or present as asymptomatic in a novel and structured setting, such as a doctor's office. This can be due to various factors, including anxiety and stress about the situation or a desire to please authority figures.

Question 3

ADHD is widely understood

Accepted Answer

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is often misunderstood by the general public, with misconceptions about its causes, symptoms, and treatments still prevalent.

Question 4

The prefrontal and frontal lobes of the brain are responsible for _________________.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal and frontal lobes of the brain are responsible for executive functions such as decision making, planning, working memory, and attentional control. Motor behavior is primarily controlled by the motor cortex. Emotional regulation involves various regions of the brain including the amygdala, insula, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, but not exclusively the prefrontal or frontal lobes. Temperature regulation, on the other hand, is controlled by the hypothalamus.

Question 5

The precise cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is

Accepted Answer

The precise cause of ADHD is unknown, although research suggests it may involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors.

Question 6

During the 2008-2009 school year, over 648,000 students were identified as Other Health Impaired. In the past decade this category has seen an astonishing _______increase, largely suspected to be the result of the increased number of students diagnosed with ADHD

Accepted Answer

The category "Other Health Impaired" saw a 193% increase, largely due to the rise in ADHD diagnoses among students.

Question 7

According to the DSM-IV-TR, in order to be considered as having ADHD, symptoms must have occurred before age _______________.

Accepted Answer

According to the DSM-IV-TR, symptoms of ADHD must have been present before the age of seven.

Question 8

__________________ is a term used to refer to an individual's ability to withhold planned responses to stimuli, interrupt an initiated response, and protect an ongoing activity from distracting stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral inhibition is the term used to refer to an individual's ability to withhold planned responses to stimuli, interrupt an initiated response, and protect an ongoing activity from distracting stimuli.

Question 9

What is the estimated prevalence of ADHD in the school-aged population?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the estimated prevalence of ADHD in the school-aged population is 3 to 7 percent.

Question 10

Researchers have found significant improvements in children's behavior when they are taking stimulant medication.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that stimulant medication, such as Ritalin or Adderall, can effectively reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity in children with ADHD, resulting in improved behavior.

Question 11

Current IDEA legislation recognizes ADHD as a separate disability category.

Accepted Answer

ADHD is not recognized as a separate disability category under IDEA; instead, it may fall under the category of "Other Health Impairment."

Question 12

What is the most salient feature of ADHD?
A)Depression
B)Academic under achievement
C)Academic high achievement
D)High absenteeism

Accepted Answer

While depression, absenteeism, and academic high achievement or underachievement can sometimes be present in individuals with ADHD, the most salient feature of ADHD is difficulty with sustained attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. This is why option B, academic underachievement, is the best choice as it is linked with the core symptom of inattention.

Question 13

A child should be referred for services due to ADHD only after medication has failed to control the problem.

Accepted Answer

This statement is not true. Referral for services should be considered in conjunction with medication or as the first option for those who wish to try non-medication approaches. The decision to refer a child for services should be based on the severity of symptoms and the impact of those symptoms on the child's daily functioning, not solely on whether medication has been tried or not.

Question 14

Behaviors characteristic of ADHD are easy to see, making assessment and identification of the disorder simple.

Accepted Answer

The behaviors characteristic of ADHD can be less obvious and may require a comprehensive evaluation from a trained professional to accurately assess and identify the disorder.

Question 15

Scientific research points to biological differences that explain the primary contributing factor for the discrepancy between the numbers of boys who have ADHD, as compared to girls.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that boys are two to three times more likely than girls to be diagnosed with ADHD, and research suggests that this is due to biological differences in the brains of boys and girls.

Question 16

According to research, ADHD is more often diagnosed in males than females.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in males than females, with the male to female ratio ranging from 2:1 to 9:1 depending on the specific population being studied. This may be due to differences in symptom presentation, societal expectations, and hormonal influences.

Question 17

Approximately 80% of children with ADHD continue to display symptoms in adolescence.

Accepted Answer

According to research, approximately 80% of children with ADHD continue to exhibit symptoms in adolescence.

Question 18

Bias was an initial concern when using behavior rating scales, but the standardization process used today eliminates the risk of bias.

Accepted Answer

While the standardization process aims to reduce bias in behavior rating scales, it does not completely eliminate the risk of bias. Factors such as cultural differences, subjective interpretations, and the rater's own biases can still influence outcomes.

Question 19

In 1942, youngsters who displayed high levels of distractibility and hyperactivity were commonly referred to as exhibiting the ________syndrome

Accepted Answer

The term "Strauss syndrome" was coined by psychiatrist Max Strauss in 1943 to describe children who displayed symptoms of distractibility, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This term was used before the term ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) was introduced in the 1980s.

Question 20

Self-Regulation techniques are useful in both special and general education classrooms.

Accepted Answer

Self-Regulation techniques can be beneficial for students with attention and behavior challenges as well as for the general population of students. These techniques can help students manage their emotions, focus on tasks, and regulate their behavior, leading to improved academic and social outcomes.

Quiz 7: Individuals With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder