Question 1

The Julian Calendar was a lunar calendar with an extra month added in order to keep festival dates at the appropriate time of the year.

Accepted Answer

The Julian Calendar was a solar calendar, not a lunar calendar. It was created by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE and had 12 months with 365 days and an extra day added every four years (leap year) to keep the calendar year aligned with the solar year. The purpose of the Julian Calendar was not to keep festival dates at the appropriate time of the year, but rather to improve accuracy in determining the date of Easter.

Question 2

The Gracchi brothers were farmers who pressured the Senate to pass land reform laws in the second century B.C.E.

Accepted Answer

The Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius, were Roman politicians, not farmers, who advocated for land reforms to address economic inequality and the plight of the poor.

Question 3

What were the effects of Marius's military reforms on Rome?

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Question 4

What was the role of slavery in Rome?

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Question 5

Julius Caesar's assassination was the first time the Senate had resorted to murder to rid itself of a powerful adversary.

Accepted Answer

There were instances before Julius Caesar where the Roman Senate or its members were involved in plots or acts of violence against political adversaries, such as the murder of Tiberius Gracchus in 133 BC.

Question 6

What was the role of land in the social struggles of the Late Republic?

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Question 7

How did the Romans control their vast territories?

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Question 8

The war between Pompey and Caesar was a direct result of Pompey's election as sole consul in 52 B.C.E.

Accepted Answer

Pompey's election as sole consul caused tensions between him and Caesar, ultimately leading to civil war between their respective supporters.

Question 9

To what extent did the Romans borrow from Etruscan society in shaping their own?

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Question 10

How did Augustus use propaganda to secure and promote his rule?

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Question 11

How did Rome's geography contribute to its rise?

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Question 12

How did Julius Caesar both save and ruin Rome?

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Question 13

Roman historians of the Principate regularly wrote glowing reports of the competent governance of the emperors.

Accepted Answer

Roman historians often wrote with bias, sometimes exaggerating the virtues or vices of emperors, depending on their political alignment or the emperor's relationship with the Senate.

Question 14

How did the Punic Wars make Rome into an empire?

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Question 15

How did the conquest of Greece impact Roman society?

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Quiz 5: The Civilization of Ancient Rome