Question 1

Madison has a fear of spiders.Her therapist has designed a therapy to replace fear with calm when Madison sees a spider.Madison's therapist is applying ________ therapy.

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using behavior therapy, as they are focused on changing Madison's response to seeing spiders through conditioning and reinforcement. Humanistic therapy is more focused on self-awareness and growth, cognitive therapy is focused on changing negative thought patterns, and psychodynamic therapy is focused on resolving unconscious conflicts.

Question 2

In one treatment for bed-wetting,the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet,triggers an alarm and awakens the child.This treatment is a form of

Accepted Answer

This treatment, which involves using an alarm to wake up the child when they wet the bed, is a form of behavior therapy. The goal is to change the behavior of bed-wetting by creating an association between the sensation of a full bladder and waking up to use the bathroom.

Question 3

Joseph Wolpe refined the counterconditioning procedures first introduced by

Accepted Answer

Joseph Wolpe built upon the work of Mary Cover Jones, who was the first to use counterconditioning in the treatment of phobias.

Question 4

In classical conditioning therapies,maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning therapies, maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be conditioned responses. This is because these symptoms have been learned through association with certain stimuli or situations, and can be unlearned through the process of extinction by pairing the stimuli with a new response.

Question 5

To reduce a patient's fear of certain medical procedures,a therapist repeatedly paired the sight of a hypodermic needle that triggered a learned fear response with the taste of chocolate that triggered an unlearned sense of pleasure.The therapist was most clearly using a technique involving

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using classical conditioning by pairing the sight of a hypodermic needle (conditioned stimulus) with the taste of chocolate (unconditioned stimulus) in order to elicit a new response of pleasure (conditioned response) to the previously fear-inducing stimulus.

Question 6

Although they agreed to help him financially,Alan's parents were nevertheless angry and disappointed with him when he chose to attend the state university instead of going to the same college that his father attended.According to Carl Rogers,Alan's parents are withholding

Accepted Answer

Withholding unconditional positive regard means that Alan's parents are not accepting and valuing him for who he is, but are instead placing conditions on their love and support based on his choices and actions. This can lead to feelings of anger and disappointment, as seen in this situation. Empathic understanding refers to the ability to see things from another person's point of view and understand their feelings, which does not necessarily apply here. Counterconditioning is a behavior modification technique that is not relevant to this situation, and transference refers to the process of projecting feelings or experiences from one person onto another, which also does not apply here.

Question 7

The basic assumption of behavior therapy is that

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy focuses on identifying and changing problem behaviors, rather than exploring underlying thoughts or emotions. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it reflects the basic assumption of behavior therapy. Options A and C may be relevant in other therapeutic approaches (such as cognitive therapy and family therapy, respectively), but they do not reflect the basic assumption of behavior therapy. Option D describes the approach of person-centered therapy, which is different from behavior therapy.

Question 8

Dr.Ward is a client-centered therapist and strives to provide unconditional positive regard to her clients.Which of the following is NOT something she should do?

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy emphasizes on providing a non-judgmental and empathetic environment to clients. Interpreting what clients say can be seen as imposing the therapist's own perspective on the client's experiences, which goes against the principles of client-centered therapy. Instead, the therapist should focus on active listening, paraphrasing, inviting clarification, and reflecting the client's feelings to help the client feel comfortable and heard.

Question 9

Joseph Wolpe is best known for promoting the development of

Accepted Answer

Joseph Wolpe is best known for promoting the development of exposure therapies, specifically systematic desensitization, which is a commonly used treatment for anxiety disorders.

Question 10

Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses are

Accepted Answer

Aversive conditioning involves pairing a negative stimulus with an unwanted behavior, while exposure therapies involve gradually exposing a person to a feared situation in a controlled and safe manner. Both techniques aim to replace unwanted responses with more adaptive ones.

Question 11

Reuben's psychotherapist is nonjudgmental and supportive of him even when Reuben reveals some of his questionable motives and less-than-admirable personality traits.The psychotherapist most clearly is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

The psychotherapist's nonjudgmental and supportive approach, even in the face of Reuben's questionable motives and less-than-admirable personality traits, is consistent with the concept of unconditional positive regard, which is a hallmark of person-centered therapy developed by Carl Rogers.

Question 12

Who was the first behavioral psychologist to use counterconditioning techniques?

Accepted Answer

Mary Cover Jones was the first behavioral psychologist to use counterconditioning techniques in her famous study on the treatment of a young boy's fear of rabbits. Joseph Wolpe developed systematic desensitization as a form of counterconditioning, but he came after Mary Cover Jones. Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis developed cognitive behavioral therapy rather than behavioral techniques.

Question 13

Reducing patients' anxiety by having them repeatedly experience in safe settings the things they fear and often avoid is most central to

Accepted Answer

The description matches the technique of exposure therapy, which involves gradually exposing patients to feared stimuli in a controlled environment to help them overcome anxiety or phobias. Option A (token economy) involves rewarding desired behavior with tokens that can be exchanged for privileges or goods, option C (free association) is a psychoanalytic technique in which patients speak whatever comes to mind without censorship, and option D (aversive conditioning) involves associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant stimuli to reduce their frequency.

Question 14

The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapies typically focus on changing behavior through conditioning and reinforcement, rather than promoting insight and self-awareness.

Question 15

Systematic desensitization is a form of ________,which is a type of ________.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a form of exposure therapy, which is a type of behavior therapy. Transference and free association are techniques used in psychodynamic therapy, while stress inoculation training is a type of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Biomedical therapy involves the use of medication or other physical treatments. Therefore, the best choice is D, as it correctly identifies systematic desensitization as a type of exposure therapy, which falls under the umbrella of behavior therapy.

Question 16

Benny's mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat.The mother's strategy best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Counterconditioning is a classical conditioning technique where a stimulus that initially triggers an unwanted behavior is paired with a new, positive stimulus to elicit a desired response. In this case, the mother is attempting to pair sailing with something positive (Benny's favorite candy) in order to reduce his fear of the activity.

Question 17

According to Mary Cover Jones,3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when one was repeatedly presented while he was eating his midafternoon snack.This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of

Accepted Answer

The scenario described in the question best illustrates the effectiveness of exposure therapies. Specifically, Peter's repeated exposure to rabbits while engaging in a pleasant activity (eating his mid-afternoon snack) helped him to overcome his fear of rabbits through habituation. The other options given (cognitive therapy, free association, and transference) do not directly relate to this scenario.

Question 18

Which of the following is a type of exposure therapy?

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a type of exposure therapy that involves gradually exposing a person to their feared object or situation while teaching them relaxation techniques to manage their anxiety. This therapy is commonly used to treat specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, and PTSD. Family therapy, stress inoculation training, and behavior modification are not forms of exposure therapy.

Question 19

Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of

Accepted Answer

The principles of learning, particularly those related to classical and operant conditioning, have been the basis for the development of behavior therapies such as systematic desensitization and token economy. These therapies aim to modify behavior through the manipulation of environmental rewards and punishments. Humanistic therapies are based on the belief in the innate goodness of individuals and their potential for growth, while psychodynamic therapy emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts in behavior. Cognitive therapies focus on identifying and changing maladaptive thought patterns.

Question 20

A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses is called

Accepted Answer

Counterconditioning involves training individuals to respond differently to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses. Free association is a technique used in psychoanalysis, transference is the redirection of feelings from one person to another, and unconditional positive regard is a concept in humanistic psychology.

Quiz 53: Evaluating Psychotherapies