Question 1

The social changes that were forged during the war were recorded in one of the most famous autobiographies of the period,Testament of Youth,by:

Accepted Answer

The autobiography in question, Testament of Youth, was written by Vera Brittain.

Question 2

Which of the following was NOT a major element in the German collapse of November 1918?

Accepted Answer

While the sudden death of Kaiser Wilhelm's heir may have been a factor in the political instability and uncertainty in Germany, it was not a major element in the collapse of November 1918. The naval mutiny, declaration of a republic in Bavaria and socialist revolts, scarce food supplies, and surrender of Austria were all significant factors that contributed to the collapse of Germany at the end of World War I.

Question 3

The American journalist John Reed,in covering the Russian Revolution,wrote of the events of October 1917 that they were "ten days that shook the world." Although many attitudes and things were immediately shaken,it did have a more lasting effect because it:

Accepted Answer

The Russian Revolution of October 1917 was a significant turning point in world history. It was the first successful socialist revolution that challenged the established capitalist order and resulted in the establishment of a Marxist-Leninist state. The revolution set the agenda for future revolutions, and its impact can be seen in the emergence of communist and socialist movements around the world in the 20th century. It created the political categories of the rest of the century, such as the Cold War between the capitalist West and the communist East. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it accurately describes the lasting effect of the Russian Revolution.

Question 4

Russia had been stunned by early setbacks in 1914,due primarily to problems of equipment,supply,and training.By the end of 1916,it had been brought to the verge of total collapse by:

Accepted Answer

While all of the options listed contributed to Russia's collapse, the combination of political ineptitude and military defeat was particularly devastating. The incompetence and corruption of the government, combined with the poor leadership of the military, led to a series of military defeats that made it increasingly difficult for the government to maintain support from the Russian people. This eventually led to the February Revolution of 1917, which toppled the Tsarist regime and set the stage for the Bolsheviks to take power later that year.

Question 5

With so much of the male population of European countries in uniform during the war,women increasingly filled industrial positions from which they had heretofore been excluded.In Britain,these women were collectively dubbed:

Accepted Answer

The term "Munitionettes" was specifically used to describe women who worked in the munitions industry during World War I in Britain.

Question 6

What or who were the soviets?

Accepted Answer

The soviets were local councils of workers, peasants, and soldiers that were established throughout Russia during the Russian Revolution of 1917. These councils were a key element in the Bolsheviks' rise to power, and they played a major role in governing the Soviet Union for many years.

Question 7

One of the changes in British society after the war was the availability of birth control when the first birth-control clinic was opened in London in 1921 by:

Accepted Answer

Marie Stopes was the founder of the first birth-control clinic in London in 1921. She was a strong advocate for women's reproductive rights and believed that women should have access to effective birth control methods. Her work played a significant role in changing attitudes towards contraception in British society after the war.

Question 8

Many social changes occurred in Europe as a result of World War I.Among them was the emergence of the "New Woman," an occurrence that was greeted:

Accepted Answer

The emergence of the "New Woman" was met with mixed reviews. While many celebrated the newfound freedom and independence of women, there were also those who grumbled about the change and were resistant to giving women more rights and opportunities.

Question 9

The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia in February 1917 was caused by:

Accepted Answer

The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia in February 1917 was mainly caused by a mass strike and protest by women demanding food, fuel, and political reform. This strike quickly spread to the workers in the factories and the soldiers in the army, leading them to support the demands for change. The Tsar's government and security forces could not control the unrest, and as a result, Nicholas II abdicated the throne.

Question 10

Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicated his throne and thus made way for the formation of a transitional government for Russia in what is now known as the:

Accepted Answer

The event described in the question is commonly known as the February Revolution, which occurred in March 1917 according to the Gregorian calendar used in Western Europe at the time. During this revolution, a series of protests and strikes led to the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of a provisional government.

Question 11

All of the following prompted the Russian people to revolt against their tsar in 1917 EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The mistreatment of Grigorii Rasputin may have contributed to the loss of support for the tsar's family, but it was not a direct cause of the Russian people's revolt against their tsar in 1917. The primary factors that prompted the revolt were A) the horrendous loss of life in World War I, B) deteriorating living conditions, C) lack of food, and D) loss of faith in the government.

Question 12

Opposed to Lenin and his plan for a takeover of the Russian government was another part of the Social Democratic Party:

Accepted Answer

The Mensheviks were a faction within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. They opposed Lenin's plan for an immediate and violent overthrow of the government, favoring instead a gradual transition to socialism through democratic means.

Question 13

The Bolsheviks under Lenin attempted to gain widespread support during the summer of 1917 under the slogan:

Accepted Answer

The Bolsheviks under Lenin attempted to gain widespread support during the summer of 1917 under the slogan "Peace, Land, and Bread, Now!" This slogan appealed to the desires of the Russian people for an end to the war, land reform, and an end to the food shortages. It ultimately proved successful in rallying support for the Bolsheviks and their revolution.

Question 14

The second Russian revolution in 1917 was led by the:

Accepted Answer

The second Russian revolution in 1917 was led by the Bolshevik Party, also known as the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Led by Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks seized power and overthrew the Provisional Government that had been established after the first revolution earlier that year. The Bolsheviks set up a socialist government in Russia and effectively ended the Romanov dynasty's reign.

Question 15

Although every country fighting in World War I suffered food shortages at various times during the war,Great Britain was the last to institute control by rationing bread in 1917 primarily because:

Accepted Answer

German submarine success in sinking Allied shipping disrupted food imports to Great Britain, leading to food shortages and the eventual implementation of bread rationing in 1917.

Question 16

Which of the following was a consequence of the Hindenburg Plan?

Accepted Answer

The Hindenburg Plan involved placing industrialists in charge of pricing and profits to boost Germany's war economy during World War I.

Question 17

During August 1918,the war changed momentum on the Western Front due to several factors,the most important of which was:

Accepted Answer

The answer of During August 1918,the war changed momentum on...

Question 18

The Bolsheviks were able to ultimately triumph in October 1917 under the leadership of the young,dedicated revolutionary:

Accepted Answer

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known by his pseudonym Lenin, was the leader of the Bolsheviks and the driving force behind their successful October Revolution in 1917. He was a highly dedicated and skilled revolutionary who was able to unite the Bolshevik faction and lead them to victory over the provisional government.

Question 19

Which Bolshevik leader made the most notable contribution to Lenin's efforts during the fall of 1917?

Accepted Answer

Trotsky played a critical role in the Bolshevik seizure of power in the fall of 1917. He was the chairman of the Petrograd Soviet and led the Red Guard forces during the October Revolution, organizing the storming of the Winter Palace. He also played a key role in negotiating the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ended Russia's involvement in World War I. Bukharin, Zemstov, and Stalin were important Bolshevik leaders, but their contributions to the fall of 1917 were not as significant as Trotsky's. Kornilov was a military leader who opposed the Bolsheviks and attempted to stage a coup in 1917.

Question 20

What was the single greatest U.S.contribution to the defeat of German forces on the battlefield in 1918?

Accepted Answer

The influx of fresh and resilient U.S. conscripts provided a significant boost to the Allied forces, helping to tip the balance against the exhausted German troops in 1918.

Quiz 24: The First World War