Question 1

Light energy triggers a chemical reaction that sparks neural signals in

Accepted Answer

Light energy triggers a chemical reaction in the rod and cone cells of the retina, which then stimulate bipolar cells. These bipolar cells then activate ganglion cells, which send neural signals through the optic nerve to the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is B, bipolar cells.

Question 2

Compared with the entire range of visible light waves,those that are highest in frequency are most likely to be experienced as

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared with the entire range of visible...

Question 3

Brightness is to intensity as hue is to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brightness is to intensity as hue is...

Question 4

A color's hue is determined by its

Accepted Answer

The hue of a color is determined by its wavelength.

Question 5

The opponent-process theory is most useful for explaining a characteristic of

Accepted Answer

The opponent-process theory explains the phenomenon of afterimages, which occur when we continue to perceive an image even after it is removed. The theory proposes that cells in the visual system respond to colors in pairs, with one cell responding to red and inhibiting its opposite cell, which responds to green. Similarly, one cell responds to blue and inhibits its opposite cell, which responds to yellow. When we stare at an image for a prolonged period, these cells become fatigued, and when we look away, the opposite cells are activated, causing an afterimage of the complementary colors.

Question 6

Some stroke victims lose the capacity to perceive motion but retain the capacity to perceive shapes and colors.Others lose the capacity to perceive colors but retain the capacity to perceive movement and form.These peculiar visual disabilities best illustrate our normal capacity for

Accepted Answer

Parallel processing refers to the brain's ability to simultaneously process incoming stimuli of differing quality, such as motion, shape, and color, in different visual pathways. The described visual disabilities suggest that these capacities are processed in parallel, as damage to one pathway can impair the perception of motion or color without affecting the other capabilities.

Question 7

Light energy triggers a chemical reaction that sparks neural signals in ________,which then activate ________.

Accepted Answer

Light energy first activates the photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) in the retina, which then activate the bipolar cells. The bipolar cells then transmit signals to the ganglion cells, which eventually send the neural signals to the brain via the optic nerve. Therefore, the correct sequence is photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) -> bipolar cells -> ganglion cells. Choice B correctly reflects this sequence.

Question 8

The wavelength of visible light determines its

Accepted Answer

The wavelength of visible light determines its hue, or the specific color perceived by the human eye.

Question 9

Melanie is walking through a field looking at the flowers.She sees some that are yellow and others that are white.The color that she is seeing is referred to the ________ that is determined by the light's ________.

Accepted Answer

The color of the flowers that Melanie is seeing is referred to as hue, which is determined by the wavelength of light.

Question 10

Humans experience the longest visible electromagnetic waves as the color ________ and the shortest visible waves as ________.

Accepted Answer

According to the visible spectrum of light, red has the longest wavelength and blue-violet has the shortest wavelength. Therefore, the correct answer is C which states that humans experience the longest visible electromagnetic waves as the color red and the shortest visible waves as blue-violet.

Question 11

Visible light is a section of the

Accepted Answer

Visible light is a section of the spectrum of electromagnetic energy, which includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays.

Question 12

Immanuel Kant and John Locke would have been most likely to disagree about the extent to which perception is influenced by

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant believed that perception is heavily influenced by cultural experience and our innate mental structures, while John Locke believed that perception is mostly a result of sensory input from the environment. They had opposing views on the role of nature versus nurture in perception. Retinal disparity, accommodation, and relative luminance are all aspects of sensory input, which both Kant and Locke acknowledged to some extent.

Question 13

The Moon illusion refers to our tendency to perceive the Moon as unusually

Accepted Answer

The Moon illusion occurs when we perceive the Moon as larger when it is near the horizon compared to when it is high in the sky, even though the Moon is actually the same size regardless of where it appears in the sky. This illusion is caused by the way our brain processes and interprets visual information, taking into account the context and surrounding objects in our field of view.

Question 14

The wavelength of light determines its

Accepted Answer

The wavelength of light determines its hue, which is the specific color that we perceive. The other answer choices are not determined by wavelength. Retinal disparity is determined by the difference between the images received by each eye, brightness is determined by the intensity of the light wave, and amplitude is the height of the wave, which determines the intensity and loudness of sound waves, but not the color of light.

Question 15

The way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of

Accepted Answer

The principle of proximity states that objects that are close together are perceived as a group. In this case, the individual letters are grouped into separate words based on their physical closeness to one another, demonstrating the principle of proximity.

Question 16

Multiple ________ send combined messages to a bipolar cell,whereas a single ________ may link directly to a single bipolar cell.

Accepted Answer

Rods and cones are photoreceptor cells in the retina that send combined messages to bipolar cells. In contrast, a single rod may link directly to a single bipolar cell, but this is less common than multiple rods sending combined messages to a bipolar cell. Choices C and D are not related to the process of sending messages from photoreceptor cells to bipolar cells in the retina.

Question 17

The brightness of a light wave is influenced by its

Accepted Answer

The brightness of a light wave is determined by its intensity, which is the amount of energy in the wave. Wavelength, hue, and frequency are all related to different aspects of the color of the light, but do not directly impact its brightness.

Question 18

Receptor cells in the human eye that are the most sensitive to fine detail are called

Accepted Answer

Cones are responsible for detecting fine detail and color vision, while rods are responsible for detecting low levels of light and are not as sensitive to detail. Feature detectors and supercell clusters are not specific types of receptor cells in the eye.

Question 19

Our eyes receive light energy and ________ it into neural messages.

Accepted Answer

The process of converting one form of energy into another is known as transduction. In the case of vision, the eyes transduce light energy into neural messages that can be interpreted by the brain. Choices B, C, and D do not accurately describe this process.

Question 20

The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates

Accepted Answer

Perceptual constancy refers to our ability to perceive objects as having a consistent shape, size, and color, even when viewed from different angles or in different lighting conditions. This is an important aspect of visual perception, as it allows us to recognize objects even when they are partially obscured or viewed from an unusual perspective. Interposition, closure, and linear perspective are also important principles of visual perception, but they do not specifically relate to the ability to perceive objects with consistent form.

Quiz 18: Waking and Sleeping Rhythms