Question 1

The purpose of the __________ algorithm is to enable two users to exchange a secret key securely that can then be used for subsequent encryption of messages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The purpose of the __________ algorithm is...

Question 2

Although the _________ attack is a serious threat,there are simple countermeasures that can be used such as constant time calcs,random delays or blinding computations.
A)timing
B)chosen ciphertext
C)mathematical
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

Timing attacks involve measuring the time it takes for a computation to complete and using that information to infer sensitive data, such as secret keys. Constant time calculations, adding random delays, or blinding computations can help mitigate the effectiveness of timing attacks. Chosen ciphertext and mathematical attacks are not relevant to this type of attack.

Question 3

__________ are alarming for two reasons: they come from a completely unexpected direction and they are a ciphertext-only attack.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ are alarming for two reasons: they...

Question 4

The Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA)was developed by the _________ and published as a federal information processing standard (FIPS 180)in 1993.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA)was developed by...

Question 5

_________ attacks have several approaches,all equivalent in effort to factoring the product of two primes.
A)Mathematical
B)Brute-force
C)Chosen ciphertext
D)Timing

Accepted Answer

The most efficient approach to breaking RSA encryption is factoring the product of two large prime numbers. Therefore, mathematical attacks such as Franklin-Reiter related message attack and Pollard's p-1 algorithm are the best choices since they directly target the factorization problem. Brute-force attacks are not practical because they require too much computational power and time to guess the correct key. Chosen ciphertext attacks and timing attacks are not efficient since they require inferior information about the cryptographic system.

Question 6

Four possible approaches to attacking the RSA algorithm are: brute force,timing attacks,_________ attacks,and chosen ciphertext attacks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Four possible approaches to attacking the RSA...

Question 7

The evaluation criteria for the new hash function are: security,_______,and algorithm and implementation characteristics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The evaluation criteria for the new hash...

Question 8

______ has been issued as RFC 2014,has been chosen as the mandatory-to-implement MAC for IP Security,and is used in other Internet protocols,such as Transport Layer Security.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______ has been issued as RFC 2014,has...

Question 9

The principal attraction of __________ compared to RSA is that it appears to offer equal security for a far smaller bit size,thereby reducing processing overhead.
A)ECC
B)MD5
C)Diffie-Hellman
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) is known to offer equal security with a smaller key size compared to RSA, which means less processing power is required to encrypt and decrypt data. MD5 is a hashing algorithm and Diffie-Hellman is a key exchange protocol, neither of which directly relate to RSA's key size or processing overhead.

Question 10

One of the simplest hash functions is the ________ of every block.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the simplest hash functions is...

Question 11

___________ was the first published public-key algorithm.
A)NIST
B)Diffie-Hellman
C)RC4
D)RSA

Accepted Answer

Diffie-Hellman was the first published public-key algorithm, introduced in 1976 by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman. This groundbreaking work laid the foundation for the field of public-key cryptography.

Question 12

A __________ type of attack exploits properties of the RSA algorithm.
A)timing
B)brute-force
C)chosen ciphertext
D)mathematical

Accepted Answer

The chosen ciphertext attack is a type of attack that exploits properties of the RSA algorithm. In a chosen ciphertext attack, an attacker can choose an encrypted message and obtain its decrypted version without knowing the private key. This type of attack can be used to recover the private key and is a major threat to RSA in practice.

Question 13

The _________ attack exploits the common use of a modular exponentiation algorithm in RSA encryption and decryption,but can be adapted to work with any implementation that does not run in fixed time.
A)mathematical
B)timing
C)chosen ciphertext
D)brute-force

Accepted Answer

The mentioned attack is a timing attack, where an attacker measures the time taken by the algorithm to perform modular exponentiation and uses this information to determine the private key used in RSA decryption. This attack can be prevented by implementing the algorithm to run in fixed time. The other options are not relevant to this type of attack.

Question 14

NIST has published FIPS PUB 186,which is known as the ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of NIST has published FIPS PUB 186,which is...

Question 15

The __________ uses an algorithm that is designed to provide only the digital signature function and cannot be used for encryption or key exchange.
A)ECC
B)RSA
C)DSS
D)XOR

Accepted Answer

DSS (Digital Signature Standard) is a special algorithm designed specifically for digital signatures and cannot be used for encryption or key exchange. RSA and ECC are versatile algorithms that can be used for both digital signatures as well as encryption and key exchange. XOR is not a cryptographic algorithm, but a logical operation.

Question 16

The National Institute of Standards and Technology has published Federal Information Processing Standard FIPS PUB 186,known as the __________.
A)XOR
B)MD5
C)MAC
D)DSS

Accepted Answer

FIPS PUB 186 is known as Digital Signature Standard (DSS).

Question 17

One of the first public-key schemes,_______,was developed in 1977 by Ron Rivest,Adi Shamir,and Len Adleman.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the first public-key schemes,_______,was developed...

Question 18

The DSS makes use of the _________ and presents a new digital signature technique,the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA).
A)HMAC
B)XOR
C)RSA
D)SHA-1

Accepted Answer

The Digital Signature Standard (DSS) utilizes the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-1) as part of its process to generate and verify signatures. SHA-1 is used for creating a digest of the message that is then signed using the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA), ensuring the integrity and authenticity of the message.

Question 19

Versions of SHA,with hash value lengths of 256,384,and 512 bits,(SHA-256,SHA-384,and SHA 512)are collectively known as _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Versions of SHA,with hash value lengths of...

Question 20

_________ are analogous to a burglar guessing a safe combination by observing how long it takes to turn the dial from number to number.
A)Digital standards
B)Mathematical attacks
C)Ciphers
D)Timing attacks

Accepted Answer

Timing attacks are a type of side-channel attack that involves gathering information about a cryptosystem by observing how long it takes it to perform certain operations. This can allow an attacker to determine sensitive information such as encryption keys, similar to how a burglar could guess a safe combination by observing the timing between numbers on the dial. Digital standards, mathematical attacks, and ciphers are all related to cryptography but are not specifically related to timing attacks.

Quiz 21: Public-Key Cryptography and Message Authentication

The purpose of the __________ algorithm is to enable two users to exchange a secret key securely that can then be used for subsequent encryption of messages.

Although the _________ attack is a serious threat,there are simple countermeasures that can be used such as constant time calcs,random delays or blinding computations.

__________ are alarming for two reasons: they come from a completely unexpected direction and they are a ciphertext-only attack.

The Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA)was developed by the _________ and published as a federal information processing standard (FIPS 180)in 1993.

_________ attacks have several approaches,all equivalent in effort to factoring the product of two primes.

Four possible approaches to attacking the RSA algorithm are: brute force,timing attacks,_________ attacks,and chosen ciphertext attacks.

The evaluation criteria for the new hash function are: security,_______,and algorithm and implementation characteristics.

______ has been issued as RFC 2014,has been chosen as the mandatory-to-implement MAC for IP Security,and is used in other Internet protocols,such as Transport Layer Security.

The principal attraction of __________ compared to RSA is that it appears to offer equal security for a far smaller bit size,thereby reducing processing overhead.

One of the simplest hash functions is the ________ of every block.

___________ was the first published public-key algorithm.

A __________ type of attack exploits properties of the RSA algorithm.

The _________ attack exploits the common use of a modular exponentiation algorithm in RSA encryption and decryption,but can be adapted to work with any implementation that does not run in fixed time.

NIST has published FIPS PUB 186,which is known as the ___________.

The __________ uses an algorithm that is designed to provide only the digital signature function and cannot be used for encryption or key exchange.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology has published Federal Information Processing Standard FIPS PUB 186,known as the __________.

One of the first public-key schemes,_______,was developed in 1977 by Ron Rivest,Adi Shamir,and Len Adleman.

The DSS makes use of the _________ and presents a new digital signature technique,the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) .

Versions of SHA,with hash value lengths of 256,384,and 512 bits,(SHA-256,SHA-384,and SHA 512)are collectively known as _________.

_________ are analogous to a burglar guessing a safe combination by observing how long it takes to turn the dial from number to number.