Question 1

A study of 200 Latinos with arthritis found that their religion

Accepted Answer

The study found that religion among these Latinos encouraged active coping, which suggests a positive influence on their approach to managing their arthritis. The other options (A, B, and C) are not supported by the information provided.

Question 2

Shana is under a lot of stress,but she is not acknowledging any anxiety and seems to be repressing unpleasant emotions.Evidence suggests that,as a result,Shana will probably

Accepted Answer

Repressing unpleasant emotions and not acknowledging anxiety can lead to heightened psychophysiological reactions to stress. This is because the stress and emotions are not being processed or managed healthily, potentially leading to increased physical stress responses.

Question 3

What percentage of patients fail to fully adhere to medical advice?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percentage of patients fail to fully...

Question 4

DSM-5 follows a(n)________ approach to classification,grouping diagnoses on the basis of similar,observed symptoms.

Accepted Answer

DSM-5 follows a descriptive approach to classification, meaning it focuses on grouping diagnoses based on their observed symptoms rather than incorporating theoretical or philosophical considerations. It does not follow a hierarchical or historical approach, nor is it specifically philosophical in nature.

Question 5

DSM-5 classifies stress related to physical illness as

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 classifies stress related to physical illness under the category of Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions. This category is used when psychological factors play a significant role in the onset, maintenance, or exacerbation of a medical condition. Stress related to physical illness can have a negative impact on the course and outcome of the illness, and therefore falls under this category.

Question 6

Which of the following would be a good title for an article in a health journal that reviews the relationship between optimism and health?

Accepted Answer

This title accurately reflects the topic of the article and suggests a positive correlation between optimism and health. Option A has a negative connotation, option C contradicts existing research, and option D makes a bold claim that is unlikely to be fully supported by scientific evidence.

Question 7

Optimism can have an influence on health because optimists:

Accepted Answer

Optimists tend to have a more effective coping style, which means they are better able to deal with stress and adversity. This can lead to better physical and mental health outcomes. While optimists may not necessarily experience fewer stressors, they are more likely to approach them in a positive and proactive way. Additionally, optimism has been linked to lower cardiovascular reactivity in some studies, suggesting that it may have a direct impact on physical health. However, simply denying or ignoring distress is not a healthy coping strategy, so choice B is not accurate.

Question 8

Social support affects health because it can

Accepted Answer

Social support can encourage positive health behaviors such as exercise, healthy eating, and adherence to medical treatments, which can have a positive impact on overall health. Additionally, social support can also improve immune system functioning by reducing stress and providing emotional support, which can result in a more adaptive immune response to infection and disease. Therefore, social support can have a dual effect on health by promoting healthy behavior while also enhancing immune system functioning.

Question 9

To understand the relationship between stress and health,it is important to realize that

Accepted Answer

The statement "stress can affect health, and health problems can create stress" accurately describes the bidirectional relationship between stress and health. Both acute and chronic stress can impact health, and this impact can vary depending on individual factors. DSM-5 is a diagnostic tool for mental health disorders and does not directly address the relationship between stress and physical health. Therefore, A and D are incorrect. B is incorrect because both acute and chronic stress can impact health.

Question 10

Positive psychologists define the ability to cope well with life's challenges,even stressful ones,as

Accepted Answer

Positive psychologists use the term resilience to describe the ability to cope well with life's challenges, even stressful ones. This includes being able to adapt to change, bounce back from setbacks, and maintain a positive outlook despite difficult circumstances. Resilience is not an innate trait, but rather a skillset that can be developed and strengthened over time through various means such as mindfulness practices and seeking social support. Immunuosupport (A) is not a term used by positive psychologists in this context. Self-actualization (C) refers to the process of realizing one's full potential and achieving personal growth and fulfillment, but does not specifically refer to coping with life's challenges. Choice (D) is incorrect as resilience is not very rare, and in fact, many people have demonstrated resilience in their lives.

Question 11

What are two critical components that allow humans to better cope with stressful events?

Accepted Answer

Control refers to the extent to which individuals feel they can influence or alter a stressful situation, while predictability refers to having some advance knowledge of when, where, and how a stressor will occur, which can help individuals prepare and cope. Both control and predictability are important components that allow humans to better cope with stressful events.

Question 12

In a study of stress,rats showed a smaller stress response when a flash of light signaled an impending shock than they did when the shock was not signaled.This demonstrates the importance of ________ in coping with stress.

Accepted Answer

This study demonstrates the importance of predictability in coping with stress. When the rats were able to predict the impending shock, their stress response was smaller compared to when the shock was unpredictable. This suggests that having a sense of control or predictability can help individuals cope better with stress.

Question 13

Stress can indirectly affect our health and contribute to illness by leading people to

Accepted Answer

When people are stressed, they may be more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors such as overeating, skipping exercise, smoking, or drinking alcohol, which can contribute to illness over time.

Question 14

Why can stress indirectly cause illness?

Accepted Answer

People under stress often engage in unhealthy behaviors such as overeating, smoking or drinking excessively, and not getting enough exercise or sleep. These behaviors can increase the risk of developing illnesses such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. Therefore, stress indirectly causes illness through its negative impact on a person's health behaviors.

Question 15

The National Research Council reported in 2013 that life expectancy in the U.S.lags behind other high-income countries for four reasons.Which of the following is one of those reasons?

Accepted Answer

The National Research Council reported in 2013 that life expectancy in the U.S. lags behind other high-income countries due to poor health behavior like excessive smoking, drinking, and eating.

Question 16

Research studies have shown that when people are encouraged to recount very stressful experiences,they show

Accepted Answer

Research studies have consistently shown that when people are encouraged to recount very stressful experiences, they tend to experience reductions in psychophysiological stress indicators, such as heart rate and blood pressure. This effect is known as the "fear extinction" process, which essentially involves the gradual desensitization of an individual to a stressful or anxiety-provoking stimulus through repeated exposure. As a result, people often become less reactive to the same or similar stressors over time, and may even experience a reduced risk of developing stress-related disorders such as PTSD.

Question 17

In the past year,Alice's mother and two friends died.Because she has been laid off several times,Alice has moved and currently lives in an unsafe neighborhood.Alice reports that she has a lot of pain,but the physician is unable to find a specific cause.Following the criteria in DSM-5,the physician diagnoses her with

Accepted Answer

Based on the information provided, Alice reports pain with no identifiable medical cause. This aligns with the criteria for a somatic symptom disorder in DSM-5, which includes one or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or impairing, excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviors related to the symptoms, and persistent health-related anxiety. Munchhausen by proxy involves a caregiver actively inducing or fabricating illness in someone else, which is not indicated in the scenario. Borderline personality disorder involves a pattern of unstable moods, interpersonal relationships, and self-image, which is not mentioned in the scenario. Psychosomatic illness is a general term for physical symptoms that are caused or worsened by psychological factors, but does not necessarily meet the criteria for a specific disorder.

Question 18

The perception of control can actually increase stress when the person

Accepted Answer

The answer of The perception of control can actually increase...

Question 19

While walking through an abandoned area of town,you hear a deafening alarm sounding from an empty warehouse.Under which condition is this situation most likely to be stressful?

Accepted Answer

This situation is most likely to be stressful if you believe you could stop the alarm but are unable to reach it, as it creates a sense of helplessness and frustration.

Question 20

Consider a study in which two different groups of rats are being exposed to exactly the same amount of painful shock.One group is able to stop the shock by pressing a bar,while the other group can do nothing to stop the shock.What would you expect to happen in regard to the rats' stress response?

Accepted Answer

The rats that have control over the painful shock by being able to stop it by pressing a bar will have lower stress response compared to the rats that cannot stop the shock. This is because the rats with control have a sense of agency and can actively cope with the situation by pressing the bar to stop the painful shock. On the other hand, the rats who cannot control the shock have no sense of agency and are helpless, leading to a higher stress response. Therefore, the rats with control will have a lower stress response compared to the rats without control.

Quiz 8: Stress and Physical Health