Question 1

Crystallized intelligence is to fluid intelligence as:
A) abstract is to concrete
B) general is to specific
C) fact is to analogy
D) young is to old

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence involves knowledge and facts that have been acquired through experience, while fluid intelligence involves the ability to think abstractly and solve problems. Therefore, the relationship between crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence is analogous to the relationship between facts and analogies. Choice C is the best match.

Question 2

You have noticed that your grandparents are increasingly focused on things that have emotional meaning for them and have begun spending more time with a smaller circle of friends. These developments are most consistent with:
A) Erikson's stage theory
B) Freud's psychodynamic theory
C) Carstensen's socioemotional selectivity theory
D) Piaget's stages of development

Accepted Answer

Carstensen's socioemotional selectivity theory suggests that as individuals age, they become more focused on emotional goals and prioritize social relationships that are most meaningful to them. This includes spending more time with a smaller circle of close friends, which is consistent with the scenario described in the question. Erikson's stage theory focuses on psychosocial development throughout the lifespan, Freud's psychodynamic theory emphasizes unconscious drives and early childhood experiences, and Piaget's stages of development emphasize cognitive development in children. None of these theories directly address the changes described in the scenario.

Question 3

Erikson's final stage of adult development is focused on the issues of:
A) stagnation versus productivity
B) isolation versus intimacy
C) competence versus incompetence
D) integrity versus despair

Accepted Answer

Erikson's final stage of adult development is focused on the issues of integrity versus despair. This stage is characterized by reflecting on one's life and accomplishments and coming to terms with one's own mortality. Individuals who feel a sense of integrity will have a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment, while those who feel a sense of despair may feel regret or dissatisfaction with their life.

Question 4

In many cultures, marriages are arranged by parents. Evidence suggests that:
A) this results in higher divorce rates
B) children of such marriages encounter more developmental problems
C) these marriages are stable and satisfying
D) this results in higher divorce rates, and children of such marriages encounter more developmental problems

Accepted Answer

The evidence suggests that marriages arranged by parents are stable and satisfying.

Question 5

Specific knowledge regarding important events during WWII would be an example of:
A) crystallized intelligence
B) fluid intelligence
C) generative intelligence
D) conceptual intelligence

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to accumulated knowledge and experience, such as knowledge of important events during WWII.

Question 6

Imagine that a psychologist tests you every year in regard to your mental processing speed. For example, how long it takes you to push a lever when a light comes on is measured. If you age normally you should show:
A) no reduction in speed of response until after the age of about 60
B) an increase in speed until about the age of 35 and then a slow decline
C) a slight decrease by age 25 that accelerates as you age further
D) an ability to perform this task throughout your life at roughly the same speed as long as your visual acuity is high

Accepted Answer

Mental processing speed typically peaks in early adulthood and begins to decline slightly by age 25, with the decline accelerating with further aging.

Question 7

Which of the following theorists is noted for arguing that development continues across the entire age span?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Sigmund Freud
C) John Bowlby
D) Eric Erikson

Accepted Answer

Eric Erikson is noted for arguing that development continues across the entire age span, as he proposed the theory of psychosocial development which includes eight stages that span from infancy to old age. Each stage involves a crisis or challenge that must be successfully navigated in order to move on to the next stage.

Question 8

Dementia is a condition characterized by:
A) paranoia and a tendency to avoid others
B) deteriorating behaviour and cognitive abilities with age
C) psychological deterioration in the absence of any physiological change
D) death, usually before the age of 60

Accepted Answer

Dementia is a condition that involves the deterioration of cognitive abilities such as memory, thinking, and communication skills. It is often associated with aging and can be caused by various physiological changes in the brain. Paranoid behavior and social avoidance are not typical symptoms of dementia, nor is the absence of any physiological change. While dementia can eventually lead to death, it is not a guaranteed outcome and many people with dementia live for many years with proper care and support.

Question 9

From Erikson's point of view, what is the major goal of development during the adolescent period?
A) learning to deal with sexual issues
B) developing a sense of self-identity
C) resolving the intimacy versus isolation crisis
D) identifying sexual orientation

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the major goal of development during the adolescent period is to develop a sense of self-identity. This involves exploring and defining personal values, beliefs, and goals, and establishing a sense of who one is as an individual. While sexual issues and identity may be important components of adolescent development, they are not the primary focus of Erikson's theory during this stage. Similarly, the intimacy versus isolation crisis is a later stage of development that occurs in early adulthood, and is not the primary goal of development during adolescence.

Question 10

In comparing memory processes in young adults versus the elderly we find that:
A) the elderly are better able to remember things that happened to them yesterday but have a more difficult time recalling things from childhood than do young adults
B) the elderly are better at keeping multiple things in mind simultaneously
C) whether the information is positive or negative has a greater impact on recall in the elderly
D) memory is equal in both groups but the elderly require more time to recall information

Accepted Answer

The answer of In comparing memory processes in young adults...

Question 11

In the case of crystallized and fluid intelligence:
A) the former remains stable across age while the latter begins to decline around 30
B) both remain relatively stable across the lifespan
C) both begin to decline around 30, with the former showing the bigger losses
D) both remain stable until about 60 and then decline dramatically

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to knowledge gained through experience and education, such as vocabulary and general knowledge, which tends to remain stable or even increase with age. In contrast, fluid intelligence refers to the ability to solve problems and reason abstractly, which tends to decline beginning around the age of 30. Research has shown that while both types of intelligence play important roles in cognitive functioning and real-world success, the decline in fluid intelligence can result in difficulties with tasks that require rapid problem-solving or adaptation to new situations.

Question 12

Individuals who are married in contemporary Canadian society have approximately a ___________ chance of divorce.
A) 10 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 70 percent

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals who are married in contemporary Canadian...

Question 13

What is the relationship between having children and family stability?
A) Families with female children are more stable than those with male children.
B) Children undermine family stability.
C) The presence of children does not affect family stability.
D) Families with children tend to be more stable.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that families with children tend to have higher levels of stability. This may be because the presence of children often creates a sense of purpose and responsibility, and may encourage parents to work through challenges and conflicts in order to provide a stable environment for their children. However, it should be noted that not all families with children are inherently stable, and factors such as financial stress, marital conflict, and parenting styles can all impact family stability regardless of the presence of children.

Question 14

The ability to quickly calculate a 10 percent discount on an item would be an example of:
A) crystallized intelligence
B) fluid intelligence
C) generative intelligence
D) conceptual intelligence

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability to quickly calculate a 10...

Question 15

How are marriage and health related?
A) Married individuals are healthier than singles.
B) Married females are healthier than singles but married males are not.
C) Single males are healthier than any other group.
D) Marital status appears unrelated to health status.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that married individuals tend to have better health outcomes than their single counterparts. They have lower rates of depression, heart disease, cancer, and other chronic illnesses. This may be due to factors such as social support, financial stability, or healthier lifestyle habits that are often encouraged in committed relationships.

Question 16

What have psychologists discovered concerning the relationship between having children and marital happiness?
A) Couples with children report being happier unless the number of offspring exceeds three.
B) No consistent relationship between these variables has been found.
C) Couples with children report less happiness than those without.
D) It depends on the sex of the offspring; couples with female children are the happiest.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What have psychologists discovered concerning the relationship...

Question 17

Demographic statistics for Western societies over the last several decades reveal that:
A) people are living longer but also are healthier
B) the number of people in North America over 65 has risen to 30 percent
C) since people are retiring younger the relative contribution of older people to society is decreasing
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

People in Western societies are living longer and healthier lives due to advancements in healthcare and better living conditions. However, the percentage of people over 65 in North America is not as high as 30 percent, and while some people retire younger, many continue to contribute to society in various ways.

Question 18

Attempts to use cognitive training strategies to reduce memory deficits in the elderly:
A) have tended not to work, probably because the deficits are a result of brain deterioration
B) show some ability to postpone the memory problems associated with aging
C) work, but only if they also serve to increase activation of the right hemisphere
D) have worked better with females than with males

Accepted Answer

Cognitive training strategies have shown some success in postponing memory problems associated with aging, although they may not fully reverse the deficits. Other factors, such as genetics and overall brain health, may also contribute to the success of these interventions. Gender has not consistently been found to be a factor in the effectiveness of cognitive training strategies.

Quiz 11: Human Development

Crystallized intelligence is to fluid intelligence as:

You have noticed that your grandparents are increasingly focused on things that have emotional meaning for them and have begun spending more time with a smaller circle of friends. These developments are most consistent with:

Erikson's final stage of adult development is focused on the issues of:

In many cultures, marriages are arranged by parents. Evidence suggests that:

Specific knowledge regarding important events during WWII would be an example of:

Imagine that a psychologist tests you every year in regard to your mental processing speed. For example, how long it takes you to push a lever when a light comes on is measured. If you age normally you should show:

Which of the following theorists is noted for arguing that development continues across the entire age span?

Dementia is a condition characterized by:

From Erikson's point of view, what is the major goal of development during the adolescent period?

In comparing memory processes in young adults versus the elderly we find that:

In the case of crystallized and fluid intelligence:

Individuals who are married in contemporary Canadian society have approximately a ___________ chance of divorce.

What is the relationship between having children and family stability?

The ability to quickly calculate a 10 percent discount on an item would be an example of:

How are marriage and health related?

What have psychologists discovered concerning the relationship between having children and marital happiness?

Demographic statistics for Western societies over the last several decades reveal that:

Attempts to use cognitive training strategies to reduce memory deficits in the elderly: