Question 1

The pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persists over time and situations and distinguishes one person from another is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to the pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persists over time and situations and distinguishes one person from another. The other options are incorrect - A) a trait refers to a specific aspect of personality, B) an emotional profile is not a commonly used term in personality psychology, and D) the primary process is a concept from psychoanalytic theory and not a term used to describe personality.

Question 2

The pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persists over time and situations and distinguishes one person from another is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to the consistent pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguish one individual from another. Traits are the specific dimensions of personality that are used to describe individuals (e.g., extraversion, agreeableness). Habits are specific behaviors that are repeated over time, but may not necessarily be part of one's personality. Learning refers to a change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience or practice, and may also play a role in shaping personality.

Question 3

A great way to remember the Big Five personality traits is with the acronym THEME.

Accepted Answer

The correct acronym for remembering the Big Five personality traits is OCEAN, which stands for Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

Question 4

Which of the following gives the stages of development outlined by Freud in the order in which they occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following gives the stages...

Question 5

The Minnesota Twin Studies have determined, as a result of years of research, that personality is entirely genetic and is NOT influenced by our surroundings or environment.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. The Minnesota Twin Studies have shown that genetics play a significant role in shaping personality, but environmental factors are also believed to influence personality development.

Question 6

Sally has a desire to eat a steak with a baked potato smothered with butter and sour cream. One component of her personality tells her, because she is overweight, that instead of eating the meal, she should fast and direct her efforts to ending world hunger. Another component suggests that it would be better to eat a salad and a bran muffin, then run two miles. The fasting suggestion most likely was made by which component of personality?

Accepted Answer

The suggestion to fast and direct efforts to ending world hunger is aligned with the superego component of personality, which is responsible for enforcing moral and ethical standards.

Question 7

Which aspect of the mind held the greatest fascination for Freud?

Accepted Answer

Freud's greatest fascination was with the unconscious mind, which he believed held repressed memories, instincts, and desires that could influence conscious behavior. He developed psychoanalytic therapy as a way to access and interpret the unconscious mind, which he believed held the key to understanding human behavior.

Question 8

According to Bill's psychoanalyst, he was traumatized during the anal stage of his psychosexual development, which accounts for Bill's tightwad habits. Which of the following would be Freud's term for Bill's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Freud coined the term "anal retentive" to describe individuals who have unresolved conflicts related to the anal stage of development, leading to behavior characterized by excessive orderliness, stinginess, and a need for control. Therefore, Bill's behavior of being a tightwad is consistent with this term.

Question 9

The main advantage of personality inventories over projective tests and interviews is that inventories are standardized.

Accepted Answer

Personality inventories are designed to be administered and scored in a standardized manner, meaning that the same procedures are used with all individuals who take the test. This ensures that scores are comparable across individuals and helps to minimize the effects of rater bias or individual differences in administration or interpretation. In contrast, projective tests and interviews are often less standardized, and may be influenced by a variety of factors that can affect the accuracy and reliability of the results.

Question 10

The MMPI-2 and the TAT are both well-known projective tests.

Accepted Answer

The MMPI-2 is a well-known personality assessment test, but it is not a projective test. It is a self-report inventory that evaluates an individual's personality traits and psychopathology. The TAT, on the other hand, is a projective test that assesses an individual's unconscious desires, motivations, and emotions through the analysis of their responses to ambiguous pictures.

Question 11

Jane is an angry, hostile woman. At work and in her personal life, she is described as energetic go-getter because she is a workaholic and does a great deal and does a great deal of volunteer work for abused children and women. Jane's behavior may be an example of which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation is a defense mechanism where a person channels their negative emotions, such as anger or frustration, into something positive or socially acceptable, like volunteering or working hard. In this case, Jane's anger and hostility may be sublimated into her workaholic behavior and volunteer work for abused children and women.

Question 12

Projective tests like the Rorschach inkblot test have a distinct advantage over other tests because of their high validity and reliability.

Accepted Answer

Projective tests like the Rorschach inkblot test have been heavily criticized for their lack of validity and reliability. Results can vary greatly depending on the interpreter, and there is little empirical evidence to support their use in clinical settings.

Question 13

The Big Five personality dimensions are in direct competition with Hofstede's cultural dimensions.

Accepted Answer

The Big Five personality dimensions and Hofstede's cultural dimensions are not in direct competition with each other, as they are used to study different aspects of individuals and societies. The Big Five focuses on individual personality traits, while Hofstede's cultural dimensions focus on broad cultural values and norms.

Question 14

Gordon Allport thought traits were wired into the brain.

Accepted Answer

Gordon Allport believed that traits were biologically-based and wired into the brain, which he referred to as "neurotic dispositions."

Question 15

According to Rogers, one's perception of whom one should be or would like to be is called the real self.

Accepted Answer

According to Rogers, one's perception of whom one actually is at the present moment is called the real self, not the perception of whom one should be or would like to be.

Question 16

John dreamed that he was in a train that entered a tunnel. If a psychologist believed that the dream expressed John's unconscious sexual desires, the psychologist would likely be a ________.

Accepted Answer

The belief that dreams express unconscious sexual desires is a central idea in psychoanalysis, a theory of psychology founded by Sigmund Freud. Therefore, a psychologist who believes this interpretation of John's dream would be a psychoanalyst.

Question 17

Adler believed that people often are motivated by ________.

Accepted Answer

Adler believed that people are motivated by feelings of inferiority, which push them to strive for superiority and overcome their perceived weaknesses. He believed that this drive for superiority was a fundamental aspect of human nature.

Question 18

The pleasure principle is to the reality principle as the ________ is to the ________.

Accepted Answer

The pleasure principle, which seeks immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs, is associated with the id. The reality principle, which delays gratification of the id's desires until appropriate situations or objects are found, is associated with the ego.

Question 19

According to Jung, our repressed thoughts, undeveloped ideas, and forgotten experiences are contained in the ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Jung, our repressed thoughts, undeveloped ideas, and forgotten experiences are stored in the personal unconscious. The collective unconscious, on the other hand, contains universal archetypes and images that are shared by all humanity. The persona is the social mask we present to the world, and archetypes are the symbolic patterns that are present in the collective unconscious.

Question 20

Individual memory is to preconscious as ancestral memory is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Ancestral memory is a term used in psychology to describe the idea that memories and experiences from our ancestors are passed down through generations and stored in a collective unconscious. This collective unconscious is a concept introduced by Carl Jung to refer to the part of the unconscious mind shared by all human beings, which contains archetypes and universal symbols. Therefore, the best choice is D - collective unconscious.

Quiz 13: Theories of Personality

The pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persists over time and situations and distinguishes one person from another is called ________.

The pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persists over time and situations and distinguishes one person from another is called ________.

A great way to remember the Big Five personality traits is with the acronym THEME.

Which of the following gives the stages of development outlined by Freud in the order in which they occur?

The Minnesota Twin Studies have determined, as a result of years of research, that personality is entirely genetic and is NOT influenced by our surroundings or environment.

Which aspect of the mind held the greatest fascination for Freud?

According to Bill's psychoanalyst, he was traumatized during the anal stage of his psychosexual development, which accounts for Bill's tightwad habits. Which of the following would be Freud's term for Bill's behavior?

The main advantage of personality inventories over projective tests and interviews is that inventories are standardized.

The MMPI-2 and the TAT are both well-known projective tests.

Jane is an angry, hostile woman. At work and in her personal life, she is described as energetic go-getter because she is a workaholic and does a great deal and does a great deal of volunteer work for abused children and women. Jane's behavior may be an example of which defense mechanism?

Projective tests like the Rorschach inkblot test have a distinct advantage over other tests because of their high validity and reliability.

The Big Five personality dimensions are in direct competition with Hofstede's cultural dimensions.

Gordon Allport thought traits were wired into the brain.

According to Rogers, one's perception of whom one should be or would like to be is called the real self.

John dreamed that he was in a train that entered a tunnel. If a psychologist believed that the dream expressed John's unconscious sexual desires, the psychologist would likely be a ________.

Adler believed that people often are motivated by ________.

The pleasure principle is to the reality principle as the is to the .

According to Jung, our repressed thoughts, undeveloped ideas, and forgotten experiences are contained in the ________.

Individual memory is to preconscious as ancestral memory is to ________.