Question 1

According to Karen Horney, what causes us to develop a neurotic personality?

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney believed that a lack of love, affection, and security during childhood can lead to feelings of helplessness and anxiety, which can then lead to the development of a neurotic personality. She also believed that unhealthy defense mechanisms, such as repression and denial, can develop as a way to cope with these feelings.

Question 2

Who of the following was NOT a neo-Freudian?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers was not a neo-Freudian, he was a humanistic psychologist who developed client-centered therapy. The other options - Horney, Jung, and Adler - were all neo-Freudians who expanded upon or diverged from Freud's psychoanalytic theories.

Question 3

Which neo-Freudian viewed personality disturbances as resulting from the feelings of inferiority that all people share?

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler believed that personality disturbances result from an individual's feelings of inferiority, which are universal human experiences. He believed that people strive for superiority to compensate for these feelings of inferiority.

Question 4

Carl Jung's term for the part of our personality that Freud referred to as the unconscious was the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carl Jung's term for the part of...

Question 5

The textbook suggests that Freudian theory, though controversial, has had an impact on many things seen in today's society. Which of the following is NOT cited by the book as having been influenced by Freud?

Accepted Answer

The book does not cite professional sports as having been influenced by Freudian theory. However, it does mention how children's cartoons, movies, and literature have been impacted by his ideas.

Question 6

Which term was given to psychoanalysts who broke away from strict interpretation of Freud's theory and developed theories of their own that were based upon Freud's work?

Accepted Answer

The term given to psychoanalysts who broke away from strict interpretation of Freud's theory and developed theories of their own that were based upon Freud's work is “neo-Freudians”.

Question 7

Your teacher organizes a debate on Freudian theory. You are assigned to be on the anti-Freud side and therefore must point out problems in the theory. Which of the following will be at the top of your list?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic concepts are difficult to test, as they rely heavily on subjective interpretations and retrospective analyses. This makes it challenging to scientifically validate their claims and hypotheses, which undermines the credibility of the theory as a whole. While there may be other valid critiques of Freudian theory, this is likely to be the strongest one to argue against the theory in a debate.

Question 8

Jung believed that there were two levels to the unconscious mind, the personal and the ________.

Accepted Answer

Jung believed that the personal unconscious contains an individual's repressed or forgotten memories, while the collective unconscious contains universal memories and archetypes shared among all humans. Therefore, the best choice is A, collective.

Question 9

According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. The last stage is called the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

The genital stage is the final stage of psychosexual development according to Freud. In this stage, individuals reach sexual maturity and seek out intimate relationships.

Question 10

You are reading an article that critiques Freud's theory. Which of the following could be the title?

Accepted Answer

This title critiques Freud's theory by suggesting that his ideas were based on a narrow and possibly biased sample, implying that his conclusions may not be universally applicable.

Question 11

Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized social relationships as the key to understanding personality?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized social relationships as...

Question 12

Your teacher organizes a debate on Freudian theory. You are assigned to be on the anti-Freud side and, therefore, must point out problems in the theory. Which of the following would be a reasonable argument for you to make?

Accepted Answer

Freud relied heavily on subjective interpretations of his patients' experiences and the validity of these interpretations could be called into question. The other choices are not strong arguments against Freudian theory. A is contradicted by a significant amount of research on the influence of parents on child development. C is partially true, but not necessarily a problem with the theory itself, while D is an oversimplification of the efficacy of psychoanalytic therapy.

Question 13

What was the basis for Freud's development of his theory of the Oedipus conflict?

Accepted Answer

Freud initially believed his female patients' stories of sexual abuse were real but later theorized they were fantasies stemming from unconscious desires, leading to the development of the Oedipus conflict theory.

Question 14

For the behaviorist, personality is a set of learned responses or ________.

Accepted Answer

According to the behaviorist perspective, personality is a result of learned habits or responses that have been reinforced through reward or punishment. The other options (traits, conditions, and stimuli) are not typically associated with the behaviorist perspective on personality.

Question 15

The neo-Freudian, Carl Jung, suggested the existence of a collective unconscious that contains images shared by all people, called ________.

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung proposed the concept of archetypes as a part of the collective unconscious. Archetypes are universal symbols or patterns representing experiences, such as the hero or mother figure, that are shared across cultures and individuals. Schemas, paradigms, and prototypes are not concepts specifically associated with Jung's theory of the collective unconscious.

Question 16

According to Karen Horney, men had ________ envy.

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney proposed the concept of "womb envy," suggesting that men may feel envious of women's ability to bear children.

Question 17

The ________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one's behavior.

Accepted Answer

The behaviorist theory of personality is based on theories of learning, and focuses on how environment shapes one's behavior.

Question 18

Which defense mechanism figured prominently in the theory of Alfred Adler?

Accepted Answer

Compensation figured prominently in Alfred Adler's theory. Adler believed that individuals who feel inferior in certain areas of life (such as intelligence or physical abilities) will compensate for those feelings through overachieving in other areas. This overachievement is a defense mechanism that helps individuals cope with their feelings of inadequacy.

Question 19

According to Jung, the memories and behavior patterns inherited from past generations are part of the ________.

Accepted Answer

Jung believed that there are aspects of the psyche that are inherited and shared by all humans, which he called the collective unconscious. The memories and behavior patterns from past generations are part of this collective unconscious. The persona refers to the social mask that an individual wears in public, the personal unconscious contains an individual's repressed or forgotten thoughts and experiences, and the alter-ego is a term used in contemporary psychology and refers to a different personality that someone may adopt in certain situations.

Question 20

Carl Jung's term for collective, universal memories such as the concepts of mother, hero, or villain are ________.

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung coined the term "archetypes" to refer to universal, symbolic representations of ideas or concepts that are present across cultures and time. Examples of archetypes include the mother, the hero, the trickster, and the villain.

Quiz 13: Theories of Personality