Question 1

Which type of long-term memory is most difficult to bring into conscious awareness?
A) episodic memory
B) nondeclarative memories 
C) declarative memories
D) semantic memory

Accepted Answer

Nondeclarative memories, also known as implicit memories, are types of long-term memory that are difficult to bring into conscious awareness. These memories include skills, habits, and conditioned responses that are often automatically performed without conscious thought. Examples include riding a bike or playing a musical instrument. In contrast, declarative memories, which include semantic and episodic memory, are more easily brought into conscious awareness and can be consciously recalled and verbalized.

Question 2

Maintenance rehearsal is defined as ________.
A) processing the physical features of the stimulus to be remembered 
B) analyzing new material in order to make it memorable
C) associating new material to be learned with information maintained in long-term memory
D) repeating some bit of information over and over in one's head in order to maintain it in short-term memory

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal involves repeating information over and over in order to keep it in short-term memory, without necessarily trying to analyze or understand it. This type of rehearsal is often used when trying to remember a phone number or other piece of information temporarily.

Question 3

In the game show Jeopardy!, contestants are tested on general information. The type of memory used to answer these kinds of questions is ________.
A) nondeclarative
B) semantic 
C) episodic
D) working

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is the type of memory that stores general knowledge and facts about the world, making it the most relevant type of memory for answering questions on a game show like Jeopardy!. Nondeclarative memory refers to skills and habits, while episodic memory is for personal experiences and working memory is for temporary information storage.

Question 4

Patients with anterograde amnesia were taught to solve the Tower of Hanoi problem. It was later found that they ________.
A) remembered solving the problem and could do so again 
B) didn't remember the problem and couldn't solve it
C) remembered solving the problem but couldn't do it again
D) didn't remember solving the problem but could do it again

Accepted Answer

Patients with anterograde amnesia have difficulty forming new long-term memories, so they wouldn't remember solving the Tower of Hanoi problem. However, with practice, they can learn new skills through procedural memory without conscious awareness. Therefore, even though they don't remember solving the problem before, they can do it again.

Question 5

Repeating items over and over in order to aid memory is known as ________ rehearsal.
A) repetitive 
B) imagery
C) elaborative
D) maintenance

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal refers to the repetition of information in order to keep it in short-term memory. This can be helpful in remembering small pieces of information for a brief period of time, but it is not as effective for long-term retention as elaborative rehearsal, which involves making meaningful connections between new information and knowledge already stored in long-term memory. Repetitive, imagery, and elaborative rehearsal are all types of elaborative rehearsal, rather than distinct categories.

Question 6

Which memory system has an unlimited capacity and can keep information for hours or decades?
A) short-term memory 
B) long-term memory 
C) sensory memory
D) implicit memory

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory has an unlimited capacity and can keep information for hours or decades, unlike sensory memory which has a very brief duration and short-term memory which has a limited capacity and can only hold information for seconds to minutes. Implicit memory is a type of long-term memory that involves non-conscious memory processes.

Question 7

You try to remember a phone number by repeating it over and over to yourself. What type of rehearsal are you using?
A) condensed
B) permanent
C) elaborative 
D) maintenance

Accepted Answer

The rehearsal used in this scenario is maintenance rehearsal, which involves repeating information over and over to keep it in short-term memory rather than transferring it to long-term memory.

Question 8

If one wanted to use the BEST method to get storage into long-term memory, one would use ________.
A) maintenance rehearsal 
B) rote rehearsal
C) elaborative rehearsal 
D) sleep learning

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal is the best method for transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory as it involves encoding the information in a meaningful way by connecting it to existing knowledge or creating associations with new knowledge. This type of rehearsal enhances understanding and retention of the information. On the other hand, maintenance rehearsal and rote rehearsal are less effective for long-term storage as they involve simply repeating the information without any deeper processing. Sleep learning is generally considered ineffective and lacks empirical support.

Question 9

Memories for both general facts and personal information are called ________.
A) episodic memory
B) procedural memories
C) declarative memories 
D) factual memory

Accepted Answer

Declarative memories refer to memories for both general facts (semantic memory) and personal information (episodic memory).

Question 10

Declarative memories are to ________ memories as procedural memories are to ________ memories.
A) implicit; explicit 
B) explicit; implicit 
C) general knowledge; personal facts
D) personal facts; general knowledge

Accepted Answer

Declarative memories are part of explicit memory, while procedural memories are part of implicit memory. Therefore, choice B, with explicit and implicit memory switching places for each type of memory, is the best answer. Choices C and D refer to different types of information that can be encoded in declarative memories, but do not address the relationship between declarative and procedural memories.

Question 11

The BEST analogy for the way long-term memory is conceptualized would be ________.
A) a revolving door
B) a filing cabinet 
C) a desktop
D) a television

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is often compared to a filing cabinet because memories are stored and organized for later retrieval. Just as a filing cabinet has different drawers and folders for different types of documents, long-term memory has different areas for storing different types of information, such as sensory memory and semantic memory. Additionally, just as information can be added or removed from a filing cabinet, memories can also be updated or forgotten over time.

Question 12

Maria finds that it is easier to remember her student ID number if she thinks of it in segments, such as the first three digits, then the next two, and then the final four. Each of these short segments of the number are called ________.
A) codes 
B) cues
C) chunks 
D) stores

Accepted Answer

The segments that Maria is dividing the number into are called "chunks". A chunk is a unit of information that can be remembered as a single entity, which can help with memory recall. Therefore, the best choice is C) chunks.

Question 13

It is thought that long-term memory never can get filled up. The term used to describe the capacity of long-term memory is ________.
A) 7, plus or minus 2
B) about 10,000 items
C) limited by the size of a person's brain 
D) unlimited

Accepted Answer

It is believed that long-term memory is unlimited in its capacity, meaning that it can hold an infinite amount of memories. Unlike short-term memory, which can only hold a limited amount of information at once, long-term memory can store memories for a lifetime. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 14

A police officer is shot in a gun battle with bank robbers. Although emergency brain surgery saves his life, it leaves him unable to store new information. The officer's family is applying to the state for compensation for his injuries. When asked to provide a diagnosis of the difficulties he suffers, what will they write?
A) proactive amnesia
B) anterograde amnesia 
C) retrograde amnesia 
D) retroactive amnesia

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories after an injury or trauma. This matches the symptoms described for the police officer who is unable to store new information after the brain surgery.

Question 15

Suppose Tamika looks up a number in the telephone book. After getting a busy signal, a minute or so later she tries to call again-but has already forgotten the number! This example illustrates the limited duration of ________ memory.
A) sensory
B) short-term 
C) echoic 
D) implicit

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory, also known as working memory, has a limited duration of only a few seconds to a minute, which can result in information being easily forgotten or lost. In this scenario, Tamika was not able to maintain the phone number in her short-term memory long enough to make the call. Sensory memory, on the other hand, is the initial processing of sensory information, such as what we see or hear, and has a very short duration of only a few milliseconds to a couple of seconds. Echoic memory is a type of sensory memory specifically for auditory information that lasts around 2-3 seconds. Implicit memory, on the other hand, is a type of long-term memory that involves unconscious or automatic memory for things like skills and conditioning.

Question 16

________ rehearsal results in a more lasting memory and promotes the transfer of information to long-term memory, as compared to ________ rehearsal.
A) Permanent; condensed
B) Condensed; permanent
C) Elaborative; maintenance 
D) Maintenance; elaborative

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal involves actively processing information and making connections to other information that is already known, resulting in a deeper understanding and better memorization. Maintenance rehearsal, on the other hand, involves simply repeating information without any deeper processing or analysis, which is less effective for long-term memorization.

Question 17

Recalling the definition of long-term memory is an example of ________ memory.
A) episodic 
B) semantic 
C) working
D) implicit

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory refers to the storage of information over an extended period of time, potentially indefinitely. Semantic memory is a type of long-term memory that involves the storage of facts, concepts, and generalized knowledge. Recalling the definition of long-term memory would involve accessing semantic memory. Episodic memory refers to the storage of personal experiences and events, while working memory refers to the temporary storage and manipulation of information. Implicit memory involves the unconscious influence of past experiences on current behavior.

Question 18

You are learning a list of items for a test by relating the items to each other and to information that you already have stored in memory. Which type of rehearsal are you using?
A) condensed
B) permanent
C) maintenance 
D) elaborative

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal involves relating new information to prior knowledge and is more effective for long-term memory retention than maintenance rehearsal, which simply involves repeating information without necessarily making meaningful connections.

Question 19

Which type of long-term memory is most resistant to loss with Alzheimer's disease?
A) nondeclarative 
B) semantic
C) episodic
D) iconic

Accepted Answer

Nondeclarative memory, which includes procedural memory like skills and habits, is often more resistant to loss in Alzheimer's disease compared to declarative memory types such as episodic and semantic memory.

Question 20

The portion of memory that is more or less permanent is called ________ memory.
A) primary
B) working 
C) eidetic
D) long-term

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory refers to the portion of memory that is more or less permanent, as it has the ability to store information for extended periods of time. This is in contrast to working memory (B), which refers to the portion of memory that holds information temporarily while it is being used. Eidetic memory (C) refers to the ability to vividly recall images after only a brief exposure to them and is considered a rare phenomenon that not everyone possesses. Primary memory (A) is another term for working memory and consists of information that is actively being processed and used.

Quiz 6: Memory

Which type of long-term memory is most difficult to bring into conscious awareness?

Maintenance rehearsal is defined as ________.

In the game show Jeopardy!, contestants are tested on general information. The type of memory used to answer these kinds of questions is ________.

Patients with anterograde amnesia were taught to solve the Tower of Hanoi problem. It was later found that they ________.

Repeating items over and over in order to aid memory is known as ________ rehearsal.

Which memory system has an unlimited capacity and can keep information for hours or decades?

You try to remember a phone number by repeating it over and over to yourself. What type of rehearsal are you using?

If one wanted to use the BEST method to get storage into long-term memory, one would use ________.

Memories for both general facts and personal information are called ________.

Declarative memories are to memories as procedural memories are to memories.

The BEST analogy for the way long-term memory is conceptualized would be ________.

Maria finds that it is easier to remember her student ID number if she thinks of it in segments, such as the first three digits, then the next two, and then the final four. Each of these short segments of the number are called ________.

It is thought that long-term memory never can get filled up. The term used to describe the capacity of long-term memory is ________.

Suppose Tamika looks up a number in the telephone book. After getting a busy signal, a minute or so later she tries to call again-but has already forgotten the number! This example illustrates the limited duration of ________ memory.

rehearsal results in a more lasting memory and promotes the transfer of information to long-term memory, as compared to rehearsal.

Recalling the definition of long-term memory is an example of ________ memory.

You are learning a list of items for a test by relating the items to each other and to information that you already have stored in memory. Which type of rehearsal are you using?

Which type of long-term memory is most resistant to loss with Alzheimer's disease?

The portion of memory that is more or less permanent is called ________ memory.