Question 1

What is the most powerful factor that interacts with age to influence patterns of secondary aging?
A)Gender
B)Personal happiness
C)Social class
D)Life satisfaction

Accepted Answer

Social class is the most powerful factor that interacts with age to influence patterns of secondary aging. This is because access to resources, healthcare, and lifestyle choices, which are heavily influenced by social class, can significantly affect how individuals age beyond the primary biological processes.

Question 2

Diana kept failing her exams even though she found that she knew all the correct answers when she went back and checked to see what she missed.Her teacher suggested that she needs to slow down and read each choice before she makes a selection.Diana started to do much better on her exams.Her ability to resist writing down the first answer she thought of is what your text refers to as
A)choice-regulation.
B)response inhibition.
C)prudence.
D)wisdom.

Accepted Answer

The ability to resist writing down the first answer that comes to mind is referred to as response inhibition. This skill allows individuals to slow down and consider all options before selecting a response, which can lead to improved academic performance.

Question 3

Which part of the brain regulates emotional responses?
A)Thalamus
B)Cerebral cortex
C)Limbic system
D)Hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The limbic system, which includes structures such as the amygdala and hippocampus, plays a key role in regulating emotional responses.

Question 4

In adulthood,when maximum oxygen uptake is measured at rest,what is the usual age-based pattern? When maximum oxygen uptake is measured during exercise,what is the typical age-based pattern?
A)There are equal declines when measured at rest and during exercise.
B)There are greater declines when measured at rest versus during exercise.
C)There are greater declines when measured during exercise versus at rest.
D)There are no declines when measured at rest or during exercise.

Accepted Answer

The usual age-based pattern when maximum oxygen uptake is measured at rest is a decline with increasing age. However, when measured during exercise, the decline is usually greater than when measured at rest. This is because the body requires more oxygen during exercise, and as we age, our body's ability to deliver and utilize oxygen becomes impaired, leading to a greater decline in maximum oxygen uptake during exercise.

Question 5

Researchers have identified two different types of aging.What are they?
A)Aerobic and anaerobic
B)Primary and secondary
C)Individual and cohort comparative
D)Decline and compensation

Accepted Answer

Primary aging refers to the natural and inevitable biological process of aging that occurs over time. This includes physical changes such as wrinkles, gray hair, and decreased organ function. Secondary aging, on the other hand, refers to changes that occur due to lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and exposure to environmental toxins. Secondary aging can accelerate the effects of primary aging and increase the risk of age-related diseases.

Question 6

Sports injuries trend upwards when people are in their ____ and _____.
A)20s;30s
B)30s;40s
C)40s;50s
D)50s;60s

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that sports injuries increase as people enter their 20s and 30s, when they are more active and push their bodies to their limits. While injuries can occur at any age, the risk tends to rise during this time period.

Question 7

Which of the following is the most common measure of overall aerobic fitness of the heart and lungs?
A)VCO2 max
B)Systolic blood pressure
C)Maximum oxygen uptake
D)Carbon dioxide production

Accepted Answer

Maximum oxygen uptake, also known as VO2 max, is the most common measure of overall aerobic fitness of the heart and lungs. It is the maximum amount of oxygen that the body can use during exercise and is considered a strong predictor of cardiovascular health and overall fitness.

Question 8

Which two specific changes occur in the immune system beginning in adolescence?
A)Decrease in red blood cell production and white cell production
B)Shrinking of the thyroid gland and decrease in thyroxine
C)Shrinking of the thymus gland and production of immature T cells
D)Gradual loss of gray matter and an increase in white blood cells

Accepted Answer

The thymus gland, which plays a crucial role in the development of T cells, begins to shrink during adolescence, leading to a decrease in the production of mature T cells and an increase in the production of immature T cells. This can result in a decreased ability to fight off infections and a potential increase in autoimmune disorders.

Question 9

What is the term that researchers use to describe the basic,underlying,inevitable processes of physical change that affect all human beings?
A)Life dissatisfaction
B)Primary aging
C)Secondary aging
D)Core aging

Accepted Answer

Primary aging refers to the basic, underlying, and inevitable processes of physical change that affect all human beings, such as decreased bone density and wrinkling of the skin. It is distinct from secondary aging, which refers to the effects of specific diseases, unhealthy lifestyles, and environmental influences that can accelerate the aging process. Life dissatisfaction and core aging are not accepted scientific terms.

Question 10

What is the noticeable effect among adults experiencing age-based systematic decreases in maximum oxygen uptake?
A)Immune system functioning is less efficient.
B)There is a loss of bone mineral and an increase in the wear and tear of the joints.
C)Tissues in all parts of the body become more elastic and flexible.
D)There is a general loss of strength and speed.

Accepted Answer

Age-related decreases in maximum oxygen uptake lead to a general loss of strength and speed among adults. This is because the body is less efficient at delivering oxygen to the muscles during physical activity, resulting in reduced muscular power and endurance.

Question 11

Which of the following best summarizes the differences between men's and women's brains in young adulthood?
A)The sex differences that were seen in childhood and adolescence become less pronounced in young adulthood.
B)The corpus callosum develops faster in young men than in young women.
C)The amount,distribution,and ratio of gray matter to white matter differs considerably between men and women in young adulthood.
D)The distribution of glial cells is markedly different between young men and young women.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that men and women have different amounts and distributions of gray and white matter in their brains in young adulthood. This can affect various cognitive abilities and personality traits. However, the differences are not absolute and there is considerable overlap between the sexes.

Question 12

According to developmentalists,which of the following most strongly influences length of life expectancy,quality of health,and incidence of chronic illness among adults?
A)Marital status
B)Religiosity or spirituality
C)Personal happiness
D)Social class

Accepted Answer

Social class, as measured by factors such as income, education, and occupation, has consistently been found to be strongly associated with length of life, quality of health, and incidence of chronic illness among adults. This is because social class can determine access to healthcare, living conditions, and lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise. Marriage, religiosity, and personal happiness are also important influences on health and wellbeing, but they are generally considered to have weaker associations with these outcomes compared to social class.

Question 13

The basic underlying,inevitable aging process called senescence is also known as ____________.
A)basic aging
B)primary aging
C)secondary aging
D)tertiary aging

Accepted Answer

"Senescence" refers to the natural, intrinsic aging process that occurs over time as a result of genetic and biological factors. This process is sometimes also called "primary aging," as opposed to "secondary aging," which refers to aging that is caused by external factors (such as environmental pollutants or lifestyle habits) and can be avoided or delayed to some extent. "Tertiary aging" is not a commonly used term and is not related to the other options.

Question 14

Which of the following lifestyle or behavioral changes is most likely to moderate the effects of primary aging on the body?
A)Decreasing intense exercise
B)Stopping smoking
C)Attending religious services
D)Reducing supplemental calcium in the diet

Accepted Answer

Stopping smoking is the best behavioral change to moderate the effects of primary aging on the body since smoking is a leading cause of premature aging and can accelerate the aging process of various organs and tissues in the body. Decreasing intense exercise and reducing supplemental calcium in the diet may actually have negative effects on the body, while attending religious services may have a positive impact on mental health but does not directly affect the physical aging process.

Question 15

When people think of the brain,they think of gray matter.Which of the following is the best definition of white matter?
A)The collection of myelinated axons that connect one neuron to another
B)The collection of cell bodies and axon terminals
C)Collectively,the occipital and frontal lobes of the brain
D)The glial cells of the frontal lobes and limbic system

Accepted Answer

White matter refers to the collection of myelinated axons that connect one neuron to another. It gets its name from its color, which comes from the myelin sheath that wraps around the axons.

Question 16

Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling the limbic system to provide response inhibition?
A)Frontal lobes
B)Temporal lobes
C)Hippocampus
D)Hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobes, specifically the prefrontal cortex, are responsible for controlling the limbic system and providing response inhibition. The prefrontal cortex helps individuals regulate their emotional responses and make rational decisions, which requires inhibiting impulsive responses from the limbic system.

Question 17

Compared to older adults,adults in their 20s and 30s have __________________.
A)less muscle tissue
B)less bone calcium
C)more intelligence
D)more oxygen capacity

Accepted Answer

Adults in their 20s and 30s have more oxygen capacity compared to older adults because their lungs and circulatory system are still strong and efficient. It is common for muscle tissue to decrease with age, bone calcium to decrease after age 30, and there is no evidence to suggest that intelligence differs between age groups.

Question 18

What type of aging involves the age-related changes that are due to environmental influences,poor health habits,or disease?
A)Senescence
B)Compensatory decline
C)Intellectual aging
D)Secondary aging

Accepted Answer

Secondary aging refers to the age-related changes that are due to environmental influences, poor health habits, or disease. This type of aging can be prevented or delayed by making lifestyle changes and reducing exposure to harmful environmental factors. Senescence, compensatory decline, and intellectual aging refer to other aspects of the aging process.

Question 19

Osteoporosis,or loss of calcium in the bones,is typically first seen in women in their _______.
A)20s
B)30s
C)40s
D)50s

Accepted Answer

The answer of Osteoporosis,or loss of calcium in the bones,is...

Question 20

Neuropsychologists believe that the brain development of early adulthood leads to increased capacities for which of the following?
A)Sexual expression;procreation
B)Abstract reasoning;response inhibition
C)Intelligence;emotional expression
D)Egocentrism;perception-bound reasoning

Accepted Answer

Neuropsychologists believe that the brain development of early adulthood leads to increased capacities for abstract reasoning and response inhibition. This is due to the continued development of the prefrontal cortex, which plays an important role in these cognitive processes.

Quiz 13: Physical and Cognitive Developmentin Early Adulthood

What is the most powerful factor that interacts with age to influence patterns of secondary aging?

Which part of the brain regulates emotional responses?

In adulthood,when maximum oxygen uptake is measured at rest,what is the usual age-based pattern? When maximum oxygen uptake is measured during exercise,what is the typical age-based pattern?

Researchers have identified two different types of aging.What are they?

Sports injuries trend upwards when people are in their and _.

Which of the following is the most common measure of overall aerobic fitness of the heart and lungs?

Which two specific changes occur in the immune system beginning in adolescence?

What is the term that researchers use to describe the basic,underlying,inevitable processes of physical change that affect all human beings?

What is the noticeable effect among adults experiencing age-based systematic decreases in maximum oxygen uptake?

Which of the following best summarizes the differences between men's and women's brains in young adulthood?

According to developmentalists,which of the following most strongly influences length of life expectancy,quality of health,and incidence of chronic illness among adults?

The basic underlying,inevitable aging process called senescence is also known as ____________.

Which of the following lifestyle or behavioral changes is most likely to moderate the effects of primary aging on the body?

When people think of the brain,they think of gray matter.Which of the following is the best definition of white matter?

Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling the limbic system to provide response inhibition?

Compared to older adults,adults in their 20s and 30s have __________________.

What type of aging involves the age-related changes that are due to environmental influences,poor health habits,or disease?

Osteoporosis,or loss of calcium in the bones,is typically first seen in women in their _______.

Neuropsychologists believe that the brain development of early adulthood leads to increased capacities for which of the following?