Question 1

During which phase of menopause do both types of estrogen drop,progesterone levels drop,and ovulation ceases?
A)Postmenopausal
B)Perimenopausal
C)Premenopausal
D)Postovulatory

Accepted Answer

During postmenopause, both types of estrogen (estradiol and estrone) drop significantly, progesterone levels also drop, and ovulation ceases completely. This is the stage after 12 consecutive months without a period, and typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55.

Question 2

Which of the following is a reason why it takes middle-aged adults longer to perform cognitive tasks than younger adults?
A)It is more difficult for the middle-aged brain to activate large areas of the cortex.
B)A larger area of brain tissue is activated,so it takes longer to process information.
C)Because of decreased blood supply to the brain resulting from the build-up of plaque.
D)Because the middle-aged brain does not react to perceptual stimuli as fast as the young adult brain.

Accepted Answer

As adults age, they tend to recruit a larger network of brain regions to complete cognitive tasks. This greater activation requires more time to process information, contributing to longer response times.

Question 3

What is the average age for the onset of menopause in the United States?
A)40
B)45
C)50
D)60

Accepted Answer

The average age for the onset of menopause in the United States is around 50.

Question 4

According to the most current research,which of the following is a benefit of hormone replacement therapy?
A)Fewer hot flashes
B)Reduced sex drive
C)Reduced bone loss from osteoporosis
D)Reduced risk of coronary heart disease

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the most current research,which of...

Question 5

What is sildenafil?
A)A bacterial infection associated with prostate cancer
B)A medication used to treat erectile dysfunction
C)The seminal fluid that contains viable sperm
D)A natural supplement used to minimize hot flashes

Accepted Answer

Sildenafil is a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction by increasing blood flow to the penis.

Question 6

According to several studies,the psychological effects of menopause should not be linked with
A)life stressors.
B)a personality predisposed to negativity.
C)an increased likelihood of major depression.
D)level of uncomfortable physical symptoms.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that while menopause can be associated with mood swings and emotional distress, it does not inherently increase the likelihood of major depression. The psychological effects are more closely related to life stressors, personality, and the severity of physical symptoms rather than a direct cause of major depression.

Question 7

Which of the following is likely to contribute to a male's problems with sexual functioning?
A)An increase in testosterone levels
B)Use of blood pressure medication
C)Smoking cessation
D)A high-fiber diet

Accepted Answer

Use of blood pressure medication, particularly beta-blockers, can contribute to erectile dysfunction in men.

Question 8

Gilda is 35 years old.Her estrogen levels have decreased,her menstrual periods have become very irregular,and she experiences periods of extreme sweating.What's happening with Gilda?
A)She is in the premenopausal phase of menopause.
B)She is in the postmenopausal phase of menopause.
C)She is in the perimenopausal phase of menopause.
D)Gilda is too young to be experiencing menopause so she should see her doctor.

Accepted Answer

Gilda is experiencing symptoms of perimenopause, which is the period of time leading up to menopause when estrogen levels begin to decrease and periods become irregular. This phase can last several years before menopause officially occurs.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of cognitive functioning and automobile accidents?
A)Middle-aged adults are more likely to get into an accident because of lapses in cognition and slower reaction times.
B)There isn't a statistically significant difference between the accident rates of middle-aged adults and younger adults.
C)Young adults are more likely to get into an accident because of larger synaptic gaps.
D)Young adults are more likely to get into an accident because of lapses of judgment and a higher likelihood of drinking alcohol.

Accepted Answer

Research has found that younger adults are more likely to get into automobile accidents due to their lapses of judgment and higher likelihood of drinking alcohol. This is because young adults' brains are not fully developed, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making and impulse control. In contrast, middle-aged adults have generally more stable cognitive functioning, but reaction times may decrease with age. However, this decrease may be offset by experience and better judgment, resulting in no statistically significant difference in accident rates between middle-aged and younger adults. Option A is incorrect because it only addresses one aspect of cognitive functioning, and it is not necessarily true that middle-aged adults are more likely to get into accidents simply because of reduced reaction times. Option C is incorrect because larger synaptic gaps may actually be beneficial for cognitive functioning, specifically in learning and memory.

Question 10

Which of the following is associated with the male climacteric?
A)Enlargement of the testes
B)Increased volume of seminal fluid
C)Increased difficulty attaining and maintaining an erection
D)Increased production of testosterone

Accepted Answer

The male climacteric, also known as andropause, is associated with decreased production of testosterone and can lead to difficulties in achieving and maintaining an erection. Both A and B are not associated with the male climacteric. D is incorrect as testosterone production generally decreases during this time.

Question 11

Which of the following groups has a more positive view of aging and a less negative view of menopause?
A)Chinese American women
B)White women
C)African American women
D)Japanese American women

Accepted Answer

African American women tend to have a more positive view of aging and a less negative view of menopause compared to other groups, often due to cultural attitudes that value aging and view menopause as a natural life transition.

Question 12

What is the most likely explanation for the decline in sexual activity associated with mid-life?
A)The demands and pressures of everyday living
B)The drop in testosterone levels in both men and women
C)The psychological effects of the climacteric
D)Fluctuating hormone levels associated with menopause

Accepted Answer

The demands and pressures of everyday living are the most likely explanation for the decline in sexual activity associated with mid-life. Factors such as work stress, financial pressures, and family responsibilities can all contribute to a decrease in libido.

Note: While hormonal changes may also play a role, they are not considered the most likely explanation. The psychological effects of the climacteric and fluctuating hormone levels associated with menopause are specific to women and do not explain the decline in sexual activity among men during mid-life.

Question 13

Which hormone rises during the second half of the menstrual cycle and stimulates the sloughing off of accumulated material in the uterus each month if conception has not occurred?
A)Progesterone
B)Estrogen
C)Testosterone
D)Serotonin

Accepted Answer

Progesterone rises during the second half of the menstrual cycle and stimulates the sloughing off of accumulated material in the uterus each month if conception has not occurred.

Question 14

Which of the following is a factor that is likely to lead to clinical depression during and after menopause?
A)The number of life stressors present both before and during menopause
B)Whether or not a woman had regular menstrual cycles before menopause
C)Absence of depression before menopause
D)Fewer physical symptoms of menopause

Accepted Answer

The number of life stressors present both before and during menopause can contribute to the development of clinical depression during and after menopause. Hormonal changes during menopause can also contribute to depression, but the presence of stressors is a significant factor. The other options, such as regular menstrual cycles before menopause or fewer physical symptoms of menopause, are not related to the development of clinical depression during and after menopause.

Question 15

Which of the following is a physical effect that is attributed to the reduction in estrogen during the phases of menopause?
A)The breasts become more firm.
B)Multiple ova are produced during the menstrual cycles.
C)The vagina becomes longer and wider in diameter.
D)The walls of the vagina are less elastic.

Accepted Answer

As estrogen levels decrease during menopause, the walls of the vagina become thinner and less elastic. This can result in vaginal dryness, itching, and pain during intercourse. Options A and B are incorrect as breast firmness and multiple ova production are not related to menopause. Option C is also incorrect as the vagina actually becomes shorter and narrower during menopause due to decreased estrogen levels.

Question 16

Bernice is 45.At least once a week,she wakes up in the middle of the night wringing wet with sweat.She is having ________,a form of ________.
A)night sweats;hot flashes
B)climacteric;menopause
C)hot flashes;climacteric
D)night sweats;anovulation

Accepted Answer

Night sweats are the symptom of sweating excessively during sleep, while hot flashes are the sensation of heat spreading through the body, often accompanied by sweating. Both these occur during menopause, which generally happens during the climacteric stage of a woman's life. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect as climacteric is just another term used for menopause. Option C is incorrect as hot flashes are a symptom of menopause, and climacteric does not cause hot flashes. Option D is incorrect as anovulation refers to the lack of ovulation in a menstrual cycle, and night sweats are not a direct result of anovulation.

Question 17

Which of the following statements best summarizes the current research on hormone therapy (HT)for menopause?
A)The use of HT causes more risks than benefits,so most physicians are recommending it not be used at all.
B)HT has been in use since the early 20th century and has proven to be safe and reliable.
C)Natural supplements should be used whenever possible in place of synthetic forms of HT.
D)The use of HT should be approached cautiously and should be symptom-specific.

Accepted Answer

Current research suggests that the use of hormone therapy for menopause should be approached cautiously and should be symptom-specific. Studies have shown that certain forms of HT may increase the risk of certain health problems, but for some women, the benefits may outweigh the risks. It is important for women to discuss their individual risks and benefits with their healthcare provider before deciding whether or not to use hormone therapy.

Question 18

Why do we know so little about normal middle-aged brains?
A)Research has mostly focused more on children's brain functions.
B)Most research has focused on changes associated with trauma and disease.
C)Research has generally been focused on the brain functions of the elderly.
D)Research has always been limited by the availability of research subjects who,in this case,are in their peak working years.

Accepted Answer

Most research on the brain has focused on changes associated with trauma and disease, such as Alzheimer's and other age-related neurodegenerative conditions. This has led to a lack of information on normal brain development and function in middle-aged individuals.

Question 19

Alleena has noticed that she is becoming forgetful,sometimes gets words mixed up,and her emotions seem to be "making her crazy." She is also very fatigued.What is the likely cause of this?
A)Alleena has just started going through menopause.
B)These symptoms are usually associated with the cessation of ovulation.
C)The hot flashes and hormonal changes of perimenopause are probably disturbing her sleep,so she is sleep-deprived.
D)Alleena's menstrual flow has stopped and she is probably concerned about being pregnant.

Accepted Answer

These symptoms are common during perimenopause, the time leading up to menopause when hormonal fluctuations can cause a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sleep disturbances that may contribute to fatigue and cognitive difficulties. It is important for Alleena to talk to her healthcare provider to explore ways to manage her symptoms and optimize her health during this transition. A and B are incorrect because menopause itself does not cause these specific symptoms, and D is incorrect because the absence of menstrual flow does not automatically suggest pregnancy, especially given other symptoms that point to a potential menopausal transition.

Question 20

Fifty-year-old Evan has begun to experience difficulty achieving and maintaining an erection.These changes might indicate that Evan is experiencing which of the following?
A)Menopause
B)The climacteric
C)Osteoporosis
D)Heart disease

Accepted Answer

The climacteric refers to the natural process of reproductive aging in men, which may lead to symptoms such as difficulty achieving and maintaining an erection. Menopause is a term used to refer to the process of reproductive aging in women. Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by low bone density and an increased risk of fractures. Heart disease is a broad term that encompasses a range of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. While erectile dysfunction can be a potential symptom of heart disease, it is not specific to this condition.

Quiz 15: Physical and Cognitive Developmentin Middle Adulthood

During which phase of menopause do both types of estrogen drop,progesterone levels drop,and ovulation ceases?

Which of the following is a reason why it takes middle-aged adults longer to perform cognitive tasks than younger adults?

What is the average age for the onset of menopause in the United States?

According to the most current research,which of the following is a benefit of hormone replacement therapy?

What is sildenafil?

According to several studies,the psychological effects of menopause should not be linked with

Which of the following is likely to contribute to a male's problems with sexual functioning?

Gilda is 35 years old.Her estrogen levels have decreased,her menstrual periods have become very irregular,and she experiences periods of extreme sweating.What's happening with Gilda?

Which of the following is true of cognitive functioning and automobile accidents?

Which of the following is associated with the male climacteric?

Which of the following groups has a more positive view of aging and a less negative view of menopause?

What is the most likely explanation for the decline in sexual activity associated with mid-life?

Which hormone rises during the second half of the menstrual cycle and stimulates the sloughing off of accumulated material in the uterus each month if conception has not occurred?

Which of the following is a factor that is likely to lead to clinical depression during and after menopause?

Which of the following is a physical effect that is attributed to the reduction in estrogen during the phases of menopause?

Bernice is 45.At least once a week,she wakes up in the middle of the night wringing wet with sweat.She is having ,a form of .

Which of the following statements best summarizes the current research on hormone therapy (HT) for menopause?

Why do we know so little about normal middle-aged brains?

Alleena has noticed that she is becoming forgetful,sometimes gets words mixed up,and her emotions seem to be "making her crazy." She is also very fatigued.What is the likely cause of this?

Fifty-year-old Evan has begun to experience difficulty achieving and maintaining an erection.These changes might indicate that Evan is experiencing which of the following?