Question 1

Which of the following is a condition of primary aging characterized by loss of bone mass and brittle,porous bones?
A)Osteoporosis
B)Perthes' disease
C)Hypothyroidism
D)Rickets

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis is a condition of primary aging that is characterized by the loss of bone mass and the development of brittle, porous bones. Perthes' disease is a condition that affects the hip joint in children, while hypothyroidism and rickets are conditions that may affect bone health, but are not specifically characterized by the loss of bone mass and development of porous bones.

Question 2

Degeneration associated with presbycusis accelerates after what age?
A)20
B)30
C)40
D)50

Accepted Answer

Presbycusis is a natural age-related decline in hearing ability that typically begins in the 50s or 60s. While some degeneration may occur before this age, the acceleration of degeneration is most prominent after the age of 50. Therefore, option D is the correct choice.

Question 3

Mason is 55 and has come to believe that his phone is not working properly,because whenever his elderly mother calls,he has trouble hearing her voice.Mason should be examined for
A)auricularis.
B)neuropathy.
C)presbyopia.
D)presbycusis.

Accepted Answer

Presbycusis is a type of age-related hearing loss, which is common among older adults. Given that Mason is 55 and has trouble hearing his elderly mother's voice, it is likely that he may be experiencing presbycusis. It is essential for him to get a hearing exam to diagnose the condition and take necessary actions to manage it. Auricularis and neuropathy are not related to hearing, and presbyopia is a condition that affects vision and not hearing.

Question 4

Which of the following represents the best example of the Type A personality characteristic that is most strongly linked to cardiovascular disease?
A)Beth is motivated by her desire to be the team leader in her division,but her co-workers dislike her aggressive strategies.
B)Bill's responsibilities dictate his urgent,fast-paced life,and he constantly checks his watch to make sure that he is on time and on schedule.
C)When Jack loses a business deal,he takes his anger and hostility out on other drivers during his evening commute.
D)JoAnn is unable to retain a secretary because she is constantly instructing them on how to use their time and energy more efficiently.

Accepted Answer

Hostility, as demonstrated by Jack's behavior, is the Type A personality characteristic most strongly linked to cardiovascular disease.

Question 5

Which of the following is a significant risk factor for heart disease?
A)Below-normal weight
B)Low levels of low-density lipoproteins
C)First-degree relatives with cardiovascular disease
D)Mild consumption of wine

Accepted Answer

Having first-degree relatives with cardiovascular disease significantly increases the risk of developing heart disease.

Question 6

Which of the following factors is linked most directly to osteoporosis in women?
A)Diet in young adulthood
B)Estrogen and progesterone levels
C)Age at menopause
D)Occupational history

Accepted Answer

Estrogen and progesterone levels play a crucial role in maintaining bone density in women. As women age and their estrogen and progesterone levels decrease, they become more susceptible to osteoporosis. Hormonal changes during menopause are a significant factor in the development of osteoporosis.

Question 7

Which of the following is correct regarding osteoporosis?
A)Osteoporosis in women is accelerated by menopause.
B)Men are unaffected by osteoporosis.
C)Women cannot reduce risk of osteoporosis by getting sufficient calcium during early adulthood.
D)Osteoporosis is not associated with a significantly increased risk of fractures.

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis is accelerated in women after menopause due to a decrease in estrogen levels in the body, which affects bone density.

Answer: D
 Osteoporosis is associated with a significantly increased risk of fractures, especially in the hip, spine, and wrist.

Question 8

Lorn is not particularly worried about setting the world on fire.He takes his time and is fairly laid back in most cases.He's not the least bit competitive and seems to just take things as they come.Lorn would be considered to be a
A)borderline personality.
B)Type B personality.
C)characteristic personality.
D)Type A personality.

Accepted Answer

Lorn's laid back and non-competitive nature suggests that he has a Type B personality. Type B individuals are generally more relaxed, easy-going, and less focused on achieving success at all costs.

Question 9

Which of the following includes personality traits such as a competitive drive,a sense of time urgency,and sometimes aggressiveness or hostility?
A)Borderline personality disorder
B)Type B personality
C)Type A personality
D)Characteristic personality

Accepted Answer

The traits listed (competitive drive, sense of time urgency, aggressiveness/hostility) are all associated with Type A personality. Type B personality, on the other hand, is associated with more relaxed and laid-back traits. Borderline personality disorder and characteristic personality are not directly related to the traits listed.

Question 10

What is the leading cause of death among adults in the United States?
A)Obesity-related illness
B)Strokes
C)Cardiovascular disease
D)Diabetes-related complications

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease is currently the leading cause of death among adults in the United States, accounting for approximately 1 in 4 deaths each year. This includes conditions such as heart disease, heart attacks, and strokes. While obesity, diabetes, and other factors can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, it is ultimately the disease itself that is responsible for the majority of deaths in this population.

Question 11

Statistically,which of the following groups has the shortest life expectancy in the United States?
A)White men
B)African American men
C)White women
D)African American women

Accepted Answer

African American men have the shortest life expectancy in the United States due to a combination of factors including socioeconomic disparities, access to healthcare, and higher rates of certain diseases.

Question 12

What is the most common mechanism that causes heart disease?
A)Decreasing oxygen supply to the heart due to the build-up of plaque on artery walls
B)Decreasing oxygen supply to the heart due to the rupture of an artery
C)Increasing pressure on the heart because of untreated high blood pressure
D)Shock to the heart caused by high levels of cortisol

Accepted Answer

The most common mechanism that causes heart disease is the build-up of plaque on artery walls, which narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow to the heart. This is known as coronary artery disease and is responsible for the majority of cases of heart disease. As the heart muscle becomes deprived of oxygen, chest pain or angina may occur, and in severe cases, a heart attack can result.

Question 13

Which of the following are most helpful in preventing osteoporosis?
A)Sufficient calcium intake and exercise
B)Hormone replacement and mental health maintenance
C)Management of stress levels and exercise
D)Social support and diet

Accepted Answer

Sufficient calcium intake and exercise have been shown to be the most helpful in preventing osteoporosis. Calcium is essential for maintaining bone health, and exercise helps build bone density and strength. Hormone replacement therapy is also effective but has potential risks and side effects. Management of stress levels, social support, and mental health maintenance may have indirect benefits on preventing osteoporosis, but they are not the most important factors. Diet is also important, but specifically increasing calcium intake is the key factor in preventing osteoporosis.

Question 14

What term is used for deposits of plaque in the arteries that cause them to narrow or become blocked?
A)Venosclerosis
B)Osteoarthritis
C)Atherosclerosis
D)Diabetes

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis is the term used for deposits of plaque in the arteries that cause them to narrow or become blocked. Venosclerosis is the hardening of veins, osteoarthritis is a condition that affects the joints, and diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels.

Question 15

Which of the following is a dietary factor that contributes to the risk of osteoporosis?
A)Excessive calcium intake in adolescence and young adulthood
B)Excessive meat consumption
C)Excessive sugar consumption
D)Excessive caffeine consumption

Accepted Answer

Excessive caffeine consumption can contribute to the risk of osteoporosis by increasing calcium excretion in the urine, which can lead to a decrease in bone density.

Question 16

Adella has never had anything but perfect vision,but shortly after her 40th birthday,she noticed it was getting more and more difficult to read the morning newspaper-as if her arms were not long enough to hold the paper far enough away to get it in focus.If Adella visits her ophthalmologist,she will likely be diagnosed with which of the following?
A)Glaucoma
B)Stereopsis
C)Presbyopia
D)Presbycusis

Accepted Answer

Presbyopia is a natural age-related condition in which the eye's lens gradually loses its flexibility and makes it harder to focus on nearby objects. This frequently develops around the age of 40 and can cause difficulty in reading, as in Adella's case. Glaucoma is a condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye that can damage the optic nerve and cause vision loss, but it does not typically cause near vision problems. Stereopsis is the ability to perceive depth and 3D images and is not relevant in this context. Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss and is not related to vision.

Question 17

What is the condition that results from degeneration of the auditory nerves and inner ear structures,so that an individual loses the ability to hear sounds of high and very low frequencies?
A)Tinnitis
B)Auricularis
C)Presbycusis
D)Auditory neuropathy

Accepted Answer

Presbycusis is the condition that results from degeneration of the auditory nerves and inner ear structures, leading to hearing loss of high and very low frequencies. Tinnitus is a ringing or buzzing sound in the ears and auditory neuropathy is a hearing disorder where the cochlea is intact but the transmission of sound from the cochlea to the brain is impaired. Auricularis is not a recognized medical condition.

Question 18

Which of the following is a risk factor associated with osteoporosis?
A)Being male
B)Obesity
C)Early menopause
D)Being an athlete

Accepted Answer

Early menopause, which is defined as menopause before the age of 45, is a risk factor for osteoporosis because estrogen levels decrease rapidly. Estrogen helps to protect bones and maintain bone density.

Question 19

What is the condition that results when the lens of the eye thickens and becomes less elastic?
A)Glaucoma
B)Osteoma
C)Myopia
D)Presbyopia

Accepted Answer

When the lens of the eye thickens and becomes less elastic, it is called presbyopia. This condition typically occurs with age and leads to difficulty seeing close objects clearly. Glaucoma is a condition in which the pressure inside the eye damages the optic nerve. Osteoma is a benign bone tumor that can occur in various parts of the body. Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a condition in which distant objects appear blurry.

Question 20

Which of the following is accurate concerning the risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
A)The primary risk factors are not well known.
B)Risk factors such as high cholesterol or smoking do not constitute an increased risk when both are present.
C)The more high-risk behaviors or characteristics a person has,the higher the person's risk of heart disease.
D)Widespread publicity about the dangers of smoking and high cholesterol has had little effect on the rate of cardiovascular disease risks for most Americans.

Accepted Answer

This statement is accurate and supported by research. The more risk factors a person has, the higher their risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Some common risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, and inactivity. It is important to address and manage these risk factors to reduce overall risk. A, B, and D are inaccurate statements.

Quiz 15: Physical and Cognitive Developmentin Middle Adulthood

Which of the following is a condition of primary aging characterized by loss of bone mass and brittle,porous bones?

Degeneration associated with presbycusis accelerates after what age?

Mason is 55 and has come to believe that his phone is not working properly,because whenever his elderly mother calls,he has trouble hearing her voice.Mason should be examined for

Which of the following represents the best example of the Type A personality characteristic that is most strongly linked to cardiovascular disease?

Which of the following is a significant risk factor for heart disease?

Which of the following factors is linked most directly to osteoporosis in women?

Which of the following is correct regarding osteoporosis?

Lorn is not particularly worried about setting the world on fire.He takes his time and is fairly laid back in most cases.He's not the least bit competitive and seems to just take things as they come.Lorn would be considered to be a

Which of the following includes personality traits such as a competitive drive,a sense of time urgency,and sometimes aggressiveness or hostility?

What is the leading cause of death among adults in the United States?

Statistically,which of the following groups has the shortest life expectancy in the United States?

What is the most common mechanism that causes heart disease?

Which of the following are most helpful in preventing osteoporosis?

What term is used for deposits of plaque in the arteries that cause them to narrow or become blocked?

Which of the following is a dietary factor that contributes to the risk of osteoporosis?

What is the condition that results from degeneration of the auditory nerves and inner ear structures,so that an individual loses the ability to hear sounds of high and very low frequencies?

Which of the following is a risk factor associated with osteoporosis?

What is the condition that results when the lens of the eye thickens and becomes less elastic?

Which of the following is accurate concerning the risk factors for cardiovascular disease?