Question 1

Which of the following is true of infants' auditory perception?

Accepted Answer

Infants have higher auditory thresholds than adults, meaning they require a louder sound to detect it. This is because their auditory system is not fully developed yet.

Question 2

The term auditory threshold refers to

Accepted Answer

The auditory threshold is defined as the lowest intensity of sound that a person can hear. It varies from person to person and is typically measured in decibels (dB).

Question 3

Jared has typical visual acuity for a newborn. He can see at 6 metres what his father, who has normal vision, can see at ________ metres.

Accepted Answer

Newborns typically have a visual acuity of 20/400, which means they can see at 6 meters what a person with normal vision can see at 60 to 120 meters. Therefore, the best answer is C.

Question 4

Dr. Burns shows an infant two stimuli at a time, one a grey square and the other a black and white striped square. Dr. Burns uses various striped squares, differing in the width of their stripes, and measures how long the infant looks at each of the stimuli. Dr. Burns is assessing

Accepted Answer

Dr. Burns is measuring how long the infant looks at each stimulus to assess visual acuity, specifically the ability to differentiate between different patterns and widths of stripes. This type of test is commonly used in infants to assess their visual development. Depth perception and retinal disparity involve more complex visual processing and are typically not assessed in infants through this method. ADHD is unrelated to visual perception.

Question 5

Because the taste of her mother's milk is affected by what her mother has just eaten, Baby Bonita is likely to prefer nursing after her mother has eaten

Accepted Answer

The taste of a mother's milk can change based on her diet, and babies generally prefer sweeter tastes. Candy, being sweet, is likely to make the milk taste sweeter, which would be more appealing to Baby Bonita.

Question 6

Your friends John and Lisa are wondering whether their newborn son can feel pain. What can you tell them about infants' ability to feel pain?

Accepted Answer

Physical development and behavior suggest that newborns are capable of feeling pain. Newborns have the physical structures necessary to detect and respond to painful stimuli, such as pain receptors in their skin and a spinal cord that can transmit pain signals to the brain. They also exhibit behavioral reactions to painful stimuli, such as crying, grimacing, and changes in heart rate and oxygen saturation levels. It is important to manage pain in newborns, as untreated pain can have negative effects on their development and well-being.

Question 7

Infants' auditory thresholds are

Accepted Answer

Adults have higher auditory thresholds than infants.Adults can hear better than infants.

Question 8

You visit your friend and she wants to know what you have learned in school recently. Having just read the section on infant hearing in your textbook, what would you tell your friend you have learned?

Accepted Answer

Infants can hear, but not as well as adults. The structures in the ear responsible for hearing are not fully developed in newborns, which can impact their ability to hear certain frequencies and sounds. Over time, their hearing abilities improve and become more like those of adults.

Question 9

________ is the smallest pattern that can be visually distinguished dependably.

Accepted Answer

Visual acuity refers to the sharpness and clarity of vision, and is measured by the smallest detail that can be resolved by the eye. This is often expressed as the ability to distinguish two closely spaced lines or dots, and is typically measured using a Snellen chart or other vision test. The smallest pattern that can be visually distinguished with a high degree of reliability is known as the visual acuity threshold, and varies depending on a range of factors such as age, lighting conditions, and eye health.

Question 10

Newborn Nina will probably look longest at

Accepted Answer

Newborns have limited visual abilities and are attracted to high-contrast images. Among the given options, black and white stripes provide the greatest contrast, making it the most likely choice for Nina to look at for longer periods of time.

Question 11

Visual acuity assesses how

Accepted Answer

Visual acuity is a measure of how clearly an individual can see. In infants, it is typically assessed by observing their ability to respond to specific patterns or shapes at various distances.

Question 12

The pain cry in infants

Accepted Answer

Infants in pain often exhibit agitated movements of their hands and arms along with their cries, indicating their physical distress. Option B is incorrect because an infant's pain cry typically has a high pitch. Option C is incorrect because an infant's pain cry is not easily soothed and requires attention from a caregiver. Option D is incorrect because an infant's pain cry typically begins suddenly and is intense.

Question 13

By what age do infants typically have vision as good as that of normal adults?

Accepted Answer

While infants' visual acuity begins developing shortly after birth, it typically takes until around one year of age for their vision to reach the same level of acuity as that of normal adults.

Question 14

Colour is detected with specialized neurons in the retina of the eye called

Accepted Answer

Cones are specialized photoreceptor cells located in the retina of the eye that are responsible for color vision. They are sensitive to different wavelengths of light and transmit this information to the brain, which processes it to perceive color.

Question 15

Canadian research has determined that

Accepted Answer

The Canadian research has determined that newborns can detect the general location of a sound. They may not be able to pinpoint the exact location of a sound, but they can determine the direction from which it is coming. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect, as newborns can detect the general location of a sound. Option C is not supported by the research, so it is incorrect. Option D is too general and does not provide a specific answer, so it is also incorrect.

Question 16

Differences in ________ are related to differences in colour perception.

Accepted Answer

Wavelengths of light determine the colour of an object, and differences in colour perception are related to differences in the wavelengths of light that our eyes are sensitive to. Different wavelengths are perceived as different colours by our eyes, and variations in sensitivity to different wavelengths can result in differences in colour perception. The other options are not directly related to colour perception.

Question 17

Light we see as the colour ________ has a relatively long wavelength.

Accepted Answer

Red light has a longer wavelength than blue, violet, and yellow light.

Question 18

Infants have

Accepted Answer

Infants have the same number of pain receptors in their skin as adults, but their nervous system processes pain differently.

Question 19

Both of Sharif's parents wear glasses to correct nearsighted vision and they're wondering whether Sharif needs glasses. Sharif's parents are concerned about Sharif's

Accepted Answer

Visual acuity includes the ability to see details clearly, and nearsightedness affects visual acuity. Therefore, Sharif's parents are looking to see whether or not Sharif needs glasses to correct his nearsightedness and improve his visual acuity. The other options (depth perception, retinal disparity, cones) are not directly related to nearsightedness or the need for glasses.

Question 20

Allan wants to know what kind of sounds his newborn son can hear the best. What could you tell him about infant auditory capabilities?

Accepted Answer

Infants can best hear sounds that are pitched in the range of human speech, which is around 500 to 4000 Hz. This is because the structures in the inner ear that are responsible for detecting sound vibrations are not fully developed at birth, and they are most sensitive to these frequencies. Infants can also hear lower and higher frequencies, but they may not be as clear or distinct.

Quiz 5: Physical Development in Infants and Toddlers