Question 1

You are invited to take part in a study by a researcher trying to replicate the work of Hermann Ebbinghaus.What might this researcher ask you to do?

Accepted Answer

Hermann Ebbinghaus was known for his work on the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. To replicate his work, the researcher would likely ask participants to engage in memory tasks such as memorizing a list of nonsense syllables, which is what option C is asking for. The other options do not specifically relate to Ebbinghaus' work.

Question 2

_________________ is the tendency for older or previously learned material to interfere with the retrieval of newer,more recently learned material.

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the retrieval of newer information. It is a form of forgetting that is caused by interference from previously stored memories. Cue-dependent forgetting refers to the inability to retrieve information in the absence of appropriate cues or prompts. Decay refers to the fading or weakening of memory over time. Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the retrieval of previously learned information.

Question 3

What type of stimuli did Hermann Ebbinghaus use in his memory experiments?

Accepted Answer

Hermann Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables in his memory experiments, which were meaningless combinations of letters such as "WID" or "ZOF". He did this to eliminate any pre-existing associations or meanings that might influence memory performance.

Question 4

A psychologist asks people to recall the name of their kindergarten teacher.Surprisingly,the majority of people correctly do this and comment,"Gee whiz,I haven't thought about that old bat [or old coot] in years!" Their ability to do so is a severe problem for which theory of forgetting?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A psychologist asks people to recall the...

Question 5

Pezdek and colleagues found that for a person to interpret thoughts and fantasies about false events as true memories ________________.

Accepted Answer

Pezdek and colleagues found that for a false memory to be formed, the event or suggestion must be plausible to the individual.

Question 6

Shalissa has two exams today.One is in French and the other is in history.Last night she studied French before history.When she gets to her history test,all she can remember is French! Shalissa's memory is suffering from _____________.

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the ability to remember new information. In this scenario, Shalissa's memory of French (previously learned information) interfered with her ability to remember history (new information). Cue-dependent forgetting, decay, and retroactive interference do not accurately describe this situation.

Question 7

Most people have difficulty actually recognizing the correct image of the Lincoln penny.The most likely cause of this problem is _______________.

Accepted Answer

Encoding failure refers to the inability to properly encode or store information in long-term memory. In the case of recognizing the image of the Lincoln penny, if a person did not pay enough attention to the details of the penny when first learning it, or if the information was not processed deeply enough, it is likely that they will have difficulty recognizing the correct image later on. This is a common problem with perception-based information. Interference and memory trace decay would not be the most likely causes of this specific problem, and repression does not apply in this situation.

Question 8

A.R.Luria studied a mnemonist with phenomenal memory.This person had several problems associated with the ability.Which was one reported in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A.R.Luria studied a mnemonist with phenomenal memory.This...

Question 9

Your teacher has given each student the name of a key figure in the history of psychology.The assignment is to describe at least one significant contribution made by this person.If your historical figure is Hermann Ebbinghaus,what contribution might you describe to the class?

Accepted Answer

Hermann Ebbinghaus is best known for his work on memory, particularly his creation of nonsense syllables. He used these made-up words to study memory in a controlled way, hoping to isolate the effects of repetition and other factors on memory recall. This work laid the foundation for much of the research on memory that has followed.

Question 10

In the curve of forgetting developed by Ebbinghaus,the greatest amount of forgetting occurs _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the curve of forgetting developed by...

Question 11

Why did Hermann Ebbinghaus use nonsense syllables as stimuli in his memory research?

Accepted Answer

Hermann Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables as stimuli in his memory research because they had no previous associations, which helped to eliminate the influence of pre-existing knowledge or associations on memory performance.

Question 12

Which of these individuals is the most typical person involved in a case in which memories of past childhood abuse are recalled later in life?

Accepted Answer

The most typical person involved in a case in which memories of past childhood abuse are recalled later in life is a person in their thirties who seeks therapy for anxiety, depression, and other symptoms that may be indicative of past trauma. The use of hypnosis as a therapeutic tool is also commonly associated with the recall of repressed memories. Therefore, Charlotte (choice A) is the most typical person in this scenario. The other individuals described (Steve, Willard, and Agnes) have different backgrounds and may not necessarily fit this profile.

Question 13

Forgetting in long-term memory is most likely due to _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Forgetting in long-term memory is most likely...

Question 14

Proactive interference as used in the study of memory refers to when _____________.

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information impedes the ability to recall newly learned information. This can happen when the old information is similar in some way to the new information, making it difficult to distinguish between them during recall. In contrast, retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the recall of previously learned information.

Question 15

Decay theory works well to explain forgetting in _____________.

Accepted Answer

Decay theory suggests that memory fades due to the mere passage of time. It is most applicable to sensory memory and short-term memory, where information can fade quickly if not actively maintained or rehearsed. Long-term memories are considered to be more stable and less susceptible to decay over time.

Question 16

You start out using Netscape,then change to Explorer because your company demands that browsers be Microsoft products.If you have trouble with Explorer,it is most likely due to ______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You start out using Netscape,then change to...

Question 17

Which technique is widely used by therapists to help clients recover lost childhood memories?

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis is commonly used to help clients recover lost childhood memories. However, it is important to note that the reliability and accuracy of these memories can be questionable, as hypnosis has been shown to not always produce accurate recall.

Question 18

Ebbinghaus found that information is forgotten ____________.

Accepted Answer

Ebbinghaus's research on memory and forgetting showed that information is forgotten quickly at first, but the rate of forgetting slows down over time. This is represented by the forgetting curve, which illustrates how memory retention decreases over time in a curve that initially drops sharply and then levels off.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about memory retrieval while under hypnosis is NOT TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about memory...

Question 20

A.R.Luria studied an individual with phenomenal memory.This person was a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A.R.Luria studied a person with phenomenal memory who could recall long lists of random words and numbers with ease. Such individuals are known as mnemonists.

Quiz 5: A: Memory