Question 1

A patient's chart indicates he just had surgery to remove his hippocampus as a result of a tumor.What change do you anticipate in the patient after the operation?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a key structure in the brain involved in memory consolidation. Damage to this area, such as through removal due to a tumor, can result in difficulties forming new memories, including remembering new information. It does not typically result in difficulties with color processing or experiencing hunger, and block design tasks primarily involve spatial processing and are not strongly tied to the hippocampus.

Question 2

When newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information,this is called ______________.

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when newer information disrupts the recall of older information. This is different from proactive interference where older information disrupts the retrieval of newer information. Cue-dependent forgetting occurs when a lack of retrieval cues makes it difficult to recall information, and decay refers to the fading of memories over time.

Question 3

Malcolm,aged 35,is severely depressed.Because of this he is given electroconvulsive shock therapy.After treatment,he is sent home and does much better.However,his TV-watching behavior is strange.Which is the most likely behavior pattern?

Accepted Answer

The behavior pattern described suggests that Malcolm has experienced some degree of memory impairment, specifically in his ability to correctly remember the timing of events. Option A is less likely, as forgetting that he has a TV would be a more extreme form of memory impairment. Option B is more suggestive of retrograde amnesia, which is less likely to result from ECT treatment. Option D is unrelated to memory and would not be expected as a result of ECT treatment.

Question 4

Malcolm,aged 35,is severely depressed.Because of this he is given electroconvulsive shock therapy.After treatment,he is sent home and does much better.However,his TV-watching behavior is strange.Malcolm thinks that last year's episodes of his favorite series are new.Malcolm is showing signs of ______________.

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is characterized by the loss of memory for events that occurred before the onset of the amnesia. In Malcolm's case, he cannot remember watching episodes of his favorite series from the previous year, indicating a loss of past memories.

Question 5

In the famous case of H.M. ,after having part of his brain removed,he could no longer ______.

Accepted Answer

H.M. had parts of his medial temporal lobes, including the hippocampus, removed to alleviate his epilepsy. As a result, he was unable to form new memories. However, his old memories prior to the surgery remained intact.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Different parts of the brain, such as the hippocampus and amygdala, are specialized for the storage of memories. Studies have shown that damage to these specific areas can result in memory loss, indicating their importance in memory storage.

Question 7

Jessica took psychology in the fall semester and is now taking sociology.Several of the concepts are similar,and Jessica finds that she sometimes has trouble recalling some of the major psychological theorists.She keeps getting them confused with sociological theorists.Jessica's problem is most likely due to _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jessica took psychology in the fall semester...

Question 8

When a person's ____________is damaged or removed,anterograde amnesia,or the inability to form new memories,results.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is crucial in the formation and consolidation of new memories. Damage or removal of the hippocampus can result in anterograde amnesia, where individuals are unable to form new memories.

Question 9

A man known as H.M.lost the ability to form new memories after an operation removed portions of his ____________.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a brain structure critical for the formation of new memories. H.M.'s surgery removed portions of his hippocampus, leading to his inability to form new memories.

Question 10

______________ appears to be responsible for the storage of new long-term memories.If it is removed,the ability to store anything new is completely lost.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a brain structure located in the temporal lobe and is responsible for the formation and storage of new long-term memories. If it is damaged or removed, the ability to form new memories is severely impaired. The cerebellum is responsible for motor control and coordination, while the prefrontal and temporal lobes of the cortex are involved in a range of cognitive processes, including attention and language. The amygdala is involved in emotional processing and memory. However, none of these structures are solely responsible for the storage of new long-term memories.

Question 11

Work with electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)for severe depression suggests that consolidation ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Work with electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)for severe...

Question 12

Evidence suggests that short-term memories are stored in the _____________.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memories are primarily processed and stored in the prefrontal lobes of the cortex. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for working memory, which is the ability to hold and manipulate information in the mind over a short period of time. While the hippocampus is involved in the consolidation of short-term memories into long-term memory, it is not the primary storage site for short-term memories. The cerebellum and amygdala are not strongly associated with short-term memory storage.

Question 13

If ____________is like losing a document in the computer because of a power loss,__________ is like pushing the "save" key and having the document disappear instead of being stored.

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is like losing a document in the computer because of a power loss, while anterograde amnesia is like pushing the "save" key and having the document disappear instead of being stored. Thus, option B is the best choice as it correctly pairs retrograde amnesia with the given analogy.

Question 14

Iconic memory is the visual sensory memory,in which an afterimage or icon will be held in neural form for about .50 to 2.00 seconds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Iconic memory is the visual sensory memory,in...

Question 15

Retroactive interference as used in the study of memory refers to when_________.

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information. This interference can make it difficult to remember previously learned information or can cause confusion between similar pieces of information.

Question 16

Evidence suggests that procedural memories are stored in the _____________.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for motor learning and is implicated in the storage of procedural memories. Studies have shown that damage to the cerebellum can result in impaired performance on motor tasks that involve procedural memory. The prefrontal and temporal lobes of the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala are more involved in the storage of declarative memories rather than procedural memories.

Question 17

Shalissa has two exams today.One is in French and the other is in history.Last night she studied French before history.When she gets to her French test,all she can remember is history! Shalissa's memory is suffering from ____________.

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the ability to recall old information. In this case, studying history after French caused Shalissa to have trouble recalling her French lessons.

Question 18

People with dementia typically have a memory problem known as ____________.

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is a type of memory impairment in which new memories cannot be formed, which is a common symptom of dementia. Retrograde amnesia is the loss of previously formed memories. Inferograde amnesia is not a recognized term in the field of cognitive psychology or medicine, and amygdaloid amnesia specifically refers to memory loss caused by damage to the amygdala region of the brain.

Question 19

Short-term memories appear to be localized in the _________________.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memories are thought to be localized in the prefrontal lobes, specifically the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This area of the brain is responsible for working memory and manipulating information. Other areas of the brain, such as the amygdala and cingulate gyrus, are involved in memory processes but are not specific to short-term memories. The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information.

Question 20

H.M. ,a famous amnesiac,gave researchers solid information that the ______________ was important in storing new long-term memories.

Accepted Answer

H.M. had damage to his hippocampus and was unable to form new long-term memories, but his other cognitive functions (such as language and perception) were largely intact. This has led researchers to conclude that the hippocampus is important in the formation of new long-term memories.

Quiz 5: A: Memory