Question 1

Which are characteristic of leukocytes?
 A: Smaller than erythrocytes
B: Have a nucleus
C: Have no hemoglobin
D: More numerous than erythrocytes
E: Depending on type,may or may not contain granules

Accepted Answer

Leukocytes, or white blood cells, are characterized by having a nucleus (B), not containing hemoglobin (C), and depending on their type, they may or may not contain granules (E). They are not smaller than erythrocytes (A) and are less numerous than erythrocytes (D).

Question 2

The agglutinogens that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are

Accepted Answer

The agglutinogens that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are found on the surface of erythrocytes.

Question 3

If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion,it may indicate

Accepted Answer

Agglutination occurs when antigens on the transfused red blood cells are not compatible with the antibodies in the recipient's blood. This can happen when the wrong blood type is used, leading to an immune response and potentially dangerous complications. Therefore, the best choice is A, indicating that the wrong blood type was used.

Question 4

The leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is the

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are highly phagocytic and are the first responders to a bacterial infection. They engulf and kill the bacteria by releasing antimicrobial substances, and their numbers increase rapidly during an infection. Eosinophils and basophils are more involved in allergic reactions and parasite infections, while lymphocytes are more involved in viral infections. Monocytes can differentiate into macrophages that are involved in phagocytosis and antigen presentation.

Question 5

The leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as macrophages is the

Accepted Answer

Monocytes are a type of leukocyte that are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood. They are precursors to macrophages, which are immune cells that play a critical role in scavenging pathogens and debris in tissues. When monocytes migrate into tissues, they differentiate into macrophages and are able to phagocytize foreign invaders, damaged cells, and other debris. Eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophils also play important roles in the immune system, but they do not differentiate into macrophages and take up residence in tissues.

Question 6

Usually the least numerous of the leukocytes are the

Accepted Answer

Basophils are typically the least numerous leukocytes, comprising only around 0.5% of the total white blood cell count.

Question 7

Which are characteristic of type O blood? 
A: Has anti-A antibodies
B: Has anti-B antibodies
C: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes
D: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes
E: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

Accepted Answer

Type O blood has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, but does not have surface antigens A or B on its erythrocytes. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect. Option E is also incorrect because it implies that type O blood has surface antigen C, which is not mentioned in the question.

Question 8

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called

Accepted Answer

Hemopoiesis is the process of producing the formed elements of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, in the bone marrow. Leukopenia refers to a decrease in white blood cells, leukocytosis refers to an increase in white blood cells, erythroblastosis is a condition where fetal and maternal blood type differences result in the destruction of fetal red blood cells, and agglutination is the clumping of blood cells in response to an antigen-antibody interaction.

Question 9

Which is going to result in significant agglutination?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination occurs when the donor's blood type antigens are incompatible with the recipient's antibodies. In choice E, the donor is Type AB (having both A and B antigens) and the recipient is Type B (having anti-A antibodies), leading to a reaction against the A antigens from the donor, causing significant agglutination.

Question 10

Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood? 
A: Always has Rh (anti-D)antibodies
B: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D)antibodies be present
C: Always has Rh (D)antigen
D: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D)antigen be present
E: Is inherited independent of the ABO group

Accepted Answer

B, E: Individuals with Rh negative blood do not naturally have Rh (anti-D) antibodies; these antibodies only develop under certain conditions, such as after exposure to Rh positive blood. The Rh factor is inherited independently of the ABO blood group system.

Question 11

Which leukocytes are granulocytes? 
A: Neutrophils
B: Eosinophils
C: Lymphocytes
D: Monocytes
E: Basophils
F: Erythrocytes

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are classified as granulocytes due to their granular cytoplasm. Lymphocytes and monocytes are agranulocytes, and erythrocytes are red blood cells, not leukocytes.

Question 12

Congenital hemolytic anemia is

Accepted Answer

Congenital hemolytic anemia is a condition where erythrocytes are destroyed more rapidly than normal, resulting in a shortage of red blood cells and anemia. It can be caused by a variety of genetic defects, such as abnormalities in the cytoskeleton of the red blood cell or deficiencies in certain enzymes that protect erythrocytes from oxidative stress.

Question 13

Usually the most numerous of the leukocytes are the

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are the most numerous type of leukocyte, making up approximately 60-70% of all leukocytes in the body. They are crucial for the innate immune response and are involved in the early stages of fighting off infections.

Question 14

The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days.

Accepted Answer

The life span of an erythrocyte, or red blood cell, is approximately 120 days. This is due to the gradual accumulation of damage and wear and tear on the cells as they transport oxygen throughout the body. After 120 days, the cells are removed from circulation and broken down by the spleen and liver.

Question 15

Which events occur during the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes? (Order is not important.) 
A: The heme group is converted into biliverdin.
B: Bilirubin is stored in the liver.
C: The iron ions in hemoglobin are removed.
D: The iron ions are stored in the liver.
E: The iron ions are stored in the red bone marrow.
F: Membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down and reused.
G: The erythrocyte contents,excluding the globins,are excreted via the digestive tract unchanged.

Accepted Answer

During the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes, the iron ions in hemoglobin are first removed (C) and stored in the liver (D). The remaining heme group is converted into biliverdin (A) and then bilirubin is formed from it, which is then stored in the liver (B). Membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down and reused (F). The erythrocyte contents, excluding the globins, are not excreted via the digestive tract unchanged (G). Iron ions are not stored in the red bone marrow (E). Therefore, the best choice is B, which includes all the correct events that occur during the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes.

Question 16

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the

Accepted Answer

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in both the liver and the spleen, where they are broken down, and their components are recycled.

Question 17

T-cells are a category of

Accepted Answer

T-cells are a subtype of lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cells responsible for the immune response.

Question 18

The leukocyte that releases histamine is the

Accepted Answer

The leukocyte that releases histamine is the basophil. Basophils contain large amounts of histamine in their cytoplasmic granules and release it in response to various stimuli, such as allergens or infection. Histamine is a key mediator of inflammation and helps to recruit other immune cells to the site of injury or infection. Eosinophils are also involved in allergic responses but their main function is to kill parasites. Lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes have different roles in immune responses but do not release histamine.

Question 19

Why is the name "thrombocyte" inappropriate for platelets?

Accepted Answer

The name "thrombocyte" literally means "blood clot cell," which is not an accurate description of the function of platelets. Additionally, platelets are anucleate, meaning they do not have a nucleus, so a name that includes "cyte" (meaning cell) is also inaccurate.

Question 20

Which are characteristic of type A blood? 
A: Has anti-A antibodies
B: Has anti-B antibodies
C: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes
D: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes
E: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes
F: Will agglutinate with blood type B

Accepted Answer

Type A blood has anti-B antibodies, surface antigen A on its erythrocytes, and will agglutinate with blood type B.

Quiz 21: Blood

Which are characteristic of leukocytes? A: Smaller than erythrocytes B: Have a nucleus C: Have no hemoglobin D: More numerous than erythrocytes E: Depending on type,may or may not contain granules