Question 1

Eleven-year-old Shane is angry and defiant and loses his temper easily. He can be spiteful and vindictive, he actively defies adults, and he blames others for his misbehaviour. Shane's behaviours are indicative of:

Accepted Answer

Shane's pattern of behaviour suggests oppositional defiant disorder, which is characterized by anger, defiance, and vindictiveness towards authority figures. ADHD is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which are not clearly evident in this scenario. Conduct disorder involves more serious behavioural problems, such as aggression towards people or animals, destruction of property, or theft. Finally, while some defiance and moodiness may be typical for an 11-year-old, Shane's behaviour goes beyond normal adolescent behaviour.

Question 2

Is aggressive behaviour during elementary school associated with aggression and criminal behaviour at age 30?

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that aggressive behaviour during childhood is a predictor of aggression and criminal behavior in adulthood, regardless of gender. These studies suggest that early intervention programs aimed at reducing aggression in young children may help prevent future criminal activity.

Question 3

Of these statements, which would be the LEAST likely thought or response for an aggressive child when faced with a negative social situation?

Accepted Answer

Aggressive children are less likely to consider cooperative or non-aggressive solutions like taking turns or telling a teacher when faced with negative social situations.

Question 4

A Canadian study estimates that the prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in Canada is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

According to the question, the study estimates the prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in Canada, and the options provide a range of percentages. Among the given choices, C) 2% to 14% is the most inclusive range, covering both the lower and upper bounds of all the other options, thus providing the most accurate representation of the estimated prevalence. Therefore, the correct answer is C) 2% to 14%.

Question 5

Early-onset conduct problems are associated with all of these factors EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Being a member of an ethnic minority is not a factor that is consistently associated with early-onset conduct problems. However, factors such as maternal stress, low maternal education, and child neglect have been found to be associated with the development of conduct problems in children at an early age.

Question 6

When faced with a negative social situation, aggressive children, in comparison to nonaggressive children, are more likely to do all of these EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Aggressive children are more likely to attribute hostile intentions when others' motives are ambiguous, not clear. When motives are clear, they are less likely to misinterpret them as hostile.

Question 7

Which scenario is an example of instrumental aggression?

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression is the use of aggression as a means to achieve a goal or object. Tony's pushing of Joyce is an example of this, as he is using the aggressive behavior of pushing to achieve the goal of getting to the swing first. The other options involve aggression as a form of retaliation or status assertion, rather than as a means to achieve an object or goal.

Question 8

Which statement about changes in aggression exhibited by children is true?

Accepted Answer

According to research, aggression in elementary school is more likely to be hostile and intended to harm others, while in preschool it is more likely to be non-hostile and impulsive.

Answer: C 
 Relational aggression, such as excluding or gossiping about peers, is more common in preschool settings than in elementary school.

Therefore, the correct answer is either B or C, depending on the interpretation of "changes in aggression exhibited by children."

Question 9

Excluding an individual from a play group is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Excluding an individual from a play group falls under relational aggression which is a form of social manipulation aimed at harming one's relationships and social status. It involves behaviors like exclusion, gossip, spreading rumors, and social rejection. Physical aggression involves using physical force to harm someone, while instrumental aggression involves using aggression as a means to achieve a particular goal.

Question 10

Emotionally driven aggression that is incited by the belief that others have hostile motives is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Reactive aggression is emotionally driven and occurs in response to perceived threats or provocations. The belief that others have hostile motives is a common trigger for reactive aggression. Proactive aggression, on the other hand, is premeditated and goal-directed aggression aimed at achieving a specific outcome. Relational aggression refers to acts of aggression primarily intended to harm social relationships. Instrumental aggression is a type of aggression that is used as a means to accomplish a non-aggressive goal, such as obtaining resources or achieving dominance.

Question 11

Unemotional aggression aimed at fulfilling a need or desire is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Proactive aggression is premeditated and calculated behavior used to achieve a specific goal, such as obtaining resources or power. It is devoid of emotional arousal and is often planned out in advance.

Question 12

Which of the following children is MOST likely to have become a teen mother?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following children is MOST...

Question 13

Which trait is NOT predictive of antisocial behaviour in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which trait is NOT predictive of antisocial...

Question 14

The combination of which variables in childhood is especially likely to predict aggression, antisocial behaviour, and run-ins with the police in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Problems with attention, callousness, and impulsivity have been found to be a strong predictor of aggression, antisocial behavior, and run-ins with the police in adolescence. Research has shown that these three variables are strongly interconnected and tend to co-occur in individuals who engage in such behaviors. Being a member of an ethnic minority, emotional negativity, and low level of guilt may contribute to these behaviors as well, but not as strongly as the combination of attention problems, callousness, and impulsivity.

Question 15

Elementary school children's hostile aggression is motived by the desire:

Accepted Answer

Elementary school children's hostile aggression is motivated by the desire to harm another person. This can manifest in physical, verbal, or social aggression. Children in this age group may lack the ability to regulate their emotions and behavior, leading them to lash out in harmful ways towards others. They may also have difficulty empathizing with others and understanding the impact of their actions on their peers. Hostile aggression is a serious issue that can have long-lasting negative effects on both the aggressor and the victim.

Question 16

A study of 3000 Canadian children showed which of the following regarding aggressive behaviour over time?

Accepted Answer

The study found that children tended to be consistent with the type of aggression they displayed, either physical or relational, over time.

Question 17

Aggression in elementary school children is MOST commonly:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aggression in elementary school children is MOST...

Question 18

Conduct problems that emerge in adolescence are particularly likely to be associated with:

Accepted Answer

Conduct problems that emerge in adolescence are often associated with economic disadvantage. Adolescents from low-income families may face more stressors, such as unsafe neighborhoods or inconsistent access to basic needs, which can contribute to behavior problems. Additionally, economic disadvantage may limit access to mental health services and support, exacerbating conduct problems. Maternal stress, low maternal education, and child neglect may also contribute to conduct problems, but they are not as consistently linked as economic disadvantage.

Question 19

Aggressive children differ from nonaggressive children in their:

Accepted Answer

Aggressive children can differ from nonaggressive children in their goals in social situations, interpretation of others' motives, and confidence in their ability to behave in certain ways. Therefore, all the options are correct.

Question 20

"Juvenile delinquency" is generally associated with:

Accepted Answer

Juvenile delinquency refers to criminal behavior committed by minors, typically between the ages of 10 and 17. It is not necessarily associated with aggression, but can be the result of various factors such as peer pressure, family problems, and social and economic factors. It is recognized as a normal part of adolescent development, but intervention and prevention efforts can help to reduce it.

Quiz 14: Section 2: Moral Development