Question 1

The process of repeating information over and over again in order to remember it is considered _____ by the information-processing approach.

Accepted Answer

The information-processing approach views repetition as an effective strategy for encoding information into long-term memory.

Question 2

When trying to remember something, individuals often focus only on the information that is most relevant to their current goal, while not focusing on other information. This is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Selective attention is the cognitive process of focusing on a particular aspect of the environment while ignoring other information. In terms of memory, individuals often focus on the information that is most relevant to their current goal or task, and ignore other information that is not as important.

Question 3

Which behaviour is an example of rehearsal?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which behaviour is an example of rehearsal?
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Question 4

The representation of specific details of objects and events in memory is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process of inputting, processing, and storing information in memory. It involves the representation of specific details of objects and events in memory. Remembering, recalling, and recognizing are all related to the retrieval of information from memory.

Question 5

Myelination does all of these things EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Myelination primarily enhances processing speed, efficiency of neural communication, and the ability to resist distractions, but it does not directly increase connectivity among brain regions.

Question 6

Which of these integrates working memory and long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Executive functioning includes working memory and cognitive flexibility, which integrate working memory and long-term memory. Strategies, problem solving, and task analysis may involve working memory and long-term memory, but they do not integrate them in the same way as executive functioning.

Question 7

Which behaviour is considered a basic process by information-processing theorists?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which behaviour is considered a basic process...

Question 8

When people miss certain details of situations because other information draws their attention, they have failed to _____ the missing details.

Accepted Answer

Encoding refers to the process of taking in information and converting it into a form that can be stored in memory. When someone misses details because their attention is drawn to other information, it may be because they didn't effectively encode those details in the first place.

Question 9

Several times during Carmen's first week of school, she mistakenly opened the closet door when she meant to open the door to the bathroom. The BEST explanation for Carmen's mistake is that Carmen:

Accepted Answer

Carmen's mistake suggests that she had not encoded the location of the bathroom door yet, possibly because it was a new environment or a new door location for her.

Question 10

Which statement about information is true?

Accepted Answer

The process of encoding is crucial for later remembering information, so if information was not remembered, it implies that it was not successfully encoded. Therefore, option B is the correct statement. The other options are not necessarily true or are not related to the process of remembering information.

Question 11

Which of these theorists would be MOST interested in the development of children's ability to inhibit their habitual response to speak when playing "The Quiet Game"?

Accepted Answer

The information-processing theorist would be most interested in the development of children's ability to inhibit their habitual response to speak when playing "The Quiet Game." Information-processing theorists focus on the cognitive processes involved in thinking, including attention, perception, and memory. Inhibiting a response involves the executive function of attention and self-control, which is a major focus of information-processing theorists.

Question 12

Myelin acts as a(n):

Accepted Answer

The answer of Myelin acts as a(n):
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Question 13

Which of these is NOT considered a basic process by information-processing theories?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these is NOT considered a...

Question 14

Ten-year-old Bryan is going to call his grandmother. After his mother tells Bryan his grandmother's phone number, Bryan repeats it to himself while he goes to the phone to dial it. Bryan is utilizing:

Accepted Answer

Bryan is repeating the phone number to himself in order to memorize it, which is an example of rehearsal, the process of actively repeating information to maintain it in short-term memory.

Question 15

Which statement about executive functioning is true?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the quality of executive functioning in early childhood is highly predictive of occupational status in adulthood. While executive functioning does continue to develop into early adulthood, it is not fully developed by the age of 19. Additionally, while there is some correlation between executive functioning and IQ, it is a separate and distinct concept that can be taught and improved through interventions and practice.

Question 16

The simplest and most frequently used mental activities are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The term "basic processes" refers to the most fundamental and commonly used mental activities, such as perception, attention, and memory. Strategies and executive functions are more complex mental processes that involve planning, decision-making, and problem-solving. Core processes is not a commonly used term in psychology.

Question 17

Which is NOT a major type of executive function?

Accepted Answer

The major types of executive function are inhibition of actions, enhancement of working memory, and maintaining cognitive flexibility. Knowledge of reasoning strategies may be helpful in certain executive function tasks, but it is not considered a major type.

Question 18

Encoding refers to:

Accepted Answer

Encoding refers to the process of taking information in and converting it into a form that can be stored in memory. This involves representing the features of objects in memory, such as their shape, color, texture, and so on.

Question 19

Myelination and increased connectivity among brain regions contribute to which development with age?

Accepted Answer

Myelination and increased connectivity among brain regions allow for faster processing of information, as signals are able to travel more efficiently between neurons.

Question 20

The father of 4-year-old Annabelle and 9-year-old Shana tells his daughters that they need to buy 10 items at the supermarket, including five items to make cake (eggs, flour, butter, sugar, and chocolate) and five items for lunch (milk, bread, peanut butter, jelly, and apples). He asks Annabelle to help him remember the cake ingredients, and he asks Shana to help him remember the lunch items. What is MOST likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The father of 4-year-old Annabelle and 9-year-old...

Quiz 4: Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development