Question 1

Malcolm,aged 35,is severely depressed.Because of this he is given electroconvulsive shock therapy.After treatment,he is sent home and does much better.However,his TV-watching behavior is strange.Which is the most likely behavior pattern?
A)Malcolm does not remember that he has a TV.
B)Malcolm does not remember any episodes of shows going back 25 years.
C)Malcolm thinks that last year's episodes of his favorite series are new.
D)Malcolm can no longer understand long sentences if they occur in the dialogue.

Accepted Answer

The behavior pattern described suggests that Malcolm has experienced some memory impairment. Option C best reflects this, as he believes episodes from last year are new, indicating he may have difficulty retaining information about when he last saw a particular episode. Option A is unlikely because forgetting that he has a TV would be a more severe memory problem. Option B is also unlikely because forgetting episodes from 25 years ago would be more indicative of a general memory problem rather than a specific issue with TV-watching. Option D is not supported by the information provided and is not relevant to the memory problem described.

Question 2

Declarative memory can be divided into short-term memory and working memory.

Accepted Answer

Declarative memory is divided into episodic memory (personal experiences) and semantic memory (facts and information), not short-term memory and working memory. Short-term memory and working memory are components of memory involved in the temporary storage and manipulation of information, not specifically tied to the declarative memory system.

Question 3

Declarative memory can be divided into semantic memory and episodic memory.

Accepted Answer

Declarative memory can be divided into two categories - semantic memory and episodic memory. Semantic memory refers to general knowledge about the world, while episodic memory refers to personal experiences and events.

Question 4

Loss of memory from the point of injury or illness forward is called _________________ . 
A) anterograde amnesia
B) retrograde amnesia
C) consolidation
D) infantile amnesia

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is the loss of memory from the point of injury or illness forward, whereas retrograde amnesia is the loss of memory of events that occurred before the injury or illness. Consolidation refers to the process of converting short-term memories into long-term memories. Infantile amnesia is the inability to recall early childhood memories.

Question 5

Elaborative rehearsal is a way of transferring information from short-term memory into long-term memory by making that information meaningful in some way.

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal involves creating connections between new information and existing knowledge or experiences, making the new information more meaningful and easier to remember. This process helps to transfer information from short-term memory to long-term memory.

Question 6

Which of the following is the proper sequence of symptom development in most cases of Alzheimer's disease?
A)Anterograde amnesia followed by retrograde amnesia
B)Retrograde amnesia followed by proactive amnesia
C)Retroactive amnesia followed by anterograde amnesia
D)Retrograde amnesia followed by aneterograde amnesia

Accepted Answer

In Alzheimer's disease, anterograde amnesia, which is the inability to form new memories, typically occurs first, followed by retrograde amnesia, which is the loss of pre-existing memories.

Question 7

Iconic memory allows the eye to fuse the images from each tiny movement of the eye into a smooth,continuous pattern.

Accepted Answer

Iconic memory is responsible for briefly holding visual information in sensory memory so that it can be processed and interpreted. It helps to create a seamless and continuous visual experience despite the interruptions caused by saccades (tiny movements of the eye).

Question 8

Alzheimer's disease accounts for between ____ and _____ percent of all dementia cases in the United States.
A)50-70
B)60-80
C)70-90
D)90-95

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of all dementia cases in the United States.

Question 9

Short-term memory is where information is held before conscious use of the material and is unlimited in capacity.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is actually limited in capacity, with the average limit being 7 +/-2 items.

Question 10

Echoic memory is the auditory form of sensory memory,which takes the form of an echo that lasts for up to 1.5 seconds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Echoic memory is the auditory form of...

Question 11

Iconic memory is the visual sensory memory,in which an afterimage or icon will be held in neural form for about .50 to 2.00 seconds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Iconic memory is the visual sensory memory,in...

Question 12

The breakdown of which of the following seems to be responsible for the impaired ability to form new memories?
A)Gama-aminobutyric Acid (GABA)in the hypothalamus
B)Leptin in the pancreas
C)Serotonin in the amygdala
D)Acetylcholine in the hippocampus

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is a crucial neurotransmitter involved in memory formation, specifically in the hippocampus region of the brain. Impaired function of acetylcholine has been linked to difficulties with memory formation. Options A, B, and C are not directly involved in memory formation.

Question 13

Iconic memory allows us to remember the beginnings of sentences long enough to have meaningful conversations.

Accepted Answer

Iconic memory refers to the very brief (about one second) and automatic type of memory that captures the image of a scene, primarily dealing with visual information, not the memory for the beginnings of sentences, which is more related to auditory or verbal information and would involve echoic memory or short-term memory.

Question 14

Retrograde amnesia is to anterograde amnesia as ________.
A)mild is to severe
B)severe is to mild
C)remembering old is to learning new
D)remembering new is to learning old

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is the inability to recall past events, while anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories. Therefore, the analogy between the two is that retrograde amnesia is to remembering old events as anterograde amnesia is to learning new information. Choice C best represents this analogy.

Question 15

One task useful in testing short-term memory capacity is the digit-span test.

Accepted Answer

The digit-span test is a common test for assessing short-term memory capacity.

Question 16

People with dementia typically have a memory problem known as ____________.
A)amygdaloid amnesia
B)inferograde amnesia
C)retrograde amnesia
D)anterograde amnesia

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories or retain new information, which is a common symptom of dementia. Amygdaloid amnesia is specific to damage of the amygdala, retrograde amnesia affects long-term memories before the onset of amnesia, and inferograde amnesia is not a recognized term in psychology.

Question 17

Short-term memory is where information is held while it is conscious and being used.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory, also known as working memory, is where information is temporarily held while it is being actively processed and used in a conscious manner. It has a limited capacity and duration.

Question 18

Short-term memory can hold about 12 plus or minus 2 bits of information.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is often cited as being able to hold about 7 plus or minus 2 items (or chunks) of information, not bits.

Question 19

Elaborative rehearsal is defined as the rote repetition of material in order to maintain its availability in memory.

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal involves making connections between new information and existing knowledge or memories in order to better integrate the new material into long-term memory, rather than simply repeating the information over and over.

Question 20

Which of these is an example of what has been called infantile amnesia?
A)Betty,age 25,can recall only good memories of what happened when she was 4 to 5 years old.
B)Johnny,age 10,has no memory of a family vacation that occurred when he was 2 years old.
C)When faced with a horrible stressor,some people return to an earlier stage of development,such as infancy,for the comfort that it provides.
D)Despite the fact that Alice,age 35,played the piano from ages 3 through 13,she has very little ability to do so now.

Accepted Answer

Infantile amnesia refers to the inability of adults to recall memories from the first few years of their life. Johnny's lack of memory of a family vacation when he was 2 years old fits this definition. The other options do not pertain to infantile amnesia.

Quiz 6: Memory

Malcolm,aged 35,is severely depressed.Because of this he is given electroconvulsive shock therapy.After treatment,he is sent home and does much better.However,his TV-watching behavior is strange.Which is the most likely behavior pattern?

Declarative memory can be divided into short-term memory and working memory.

Declarative memory can be divided into semantic memory and episodic memory.

Loss of memory from the point of injury or illness forward is called _________________ .

Elaborative rehearsal is a way of transferring information from short-term memory into long-term memory by making that information meaningful in some way.

Which of the following is the proper sequence of symptom development in most cases of Alzheimer's disease?

Iconic memory allows the eye to fuse the images from each tiny movement of the eye into a smooth,continuous pattern.

Alzheimer's disease accounts for between and _ percent of all dementia cases in the United States.

Short-term memory is where information is held before conscious use of the material and is unlimited in capacity.

Echoic memory is the auditory form of sensory memory,which takes the form of an echo that lasts for up to 1.5 seconds.

Iconic memory is the visual sensory memory,in which an afterimage or icon will be held in neural form for about .50 to 2.00 seconds.

The breakdown of which of the following seems to be responsible for the impaired ability to form new memories?

Iconic memory allows us to remember the beginnings of sentences long enough to have meaningful conversations.

Retrograde amnesia is to anterograde amnesia as ________.

One task useful in testing short-term memory capacity is the digit-span test.

People with dementia typically have a memory problem known as ____________.

Short-term memory is where information is held while it is conscious and being used.

Short-term memory can hold about 12 plus or minus 2 bits of information.

Elaborative rehearsal is defined as the rote repetition of material in order to maintain its availability in memory.

Which of these is an example of what has been called infantile amnesia?