Question 1

The research of Eich and Metcalf would suggest that if you were really happy when you were learning math,you should be ______ when taking the math exam to do well.
A)calm
B)nervous
C)happy
D)depressed

Accepted Answer

According to the research of Eich and Metcalf, our moods can affect our memory and recall. If someone was happy when learning math, their brain might associate positive emotions with math and improve their ability to recall information during the exam. Therefore, being happy during the math exam would likely help them perform well.

Question 2

The best place to take your biology exam to ensure good retrieval of biology concepts is in _____________.
A)the biology classroom
B)an auditorium to prevent cheating
C)the English classroom
D)the special testing room used for all exams

Accepted Answer

Taking the biology exam in the biology classroom where you have learned and reviewed the material helps in retrieving biology concepts.

Question 3

Studies have found that the best way to overcome the tip-of-the-tongue effect is to _____________.
A)try even harder to remember the items
B)take a nap
C)forget about it and let the item just come to you
D)None of these will work.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that actively trying to remember the item can actually make it more difficult to retrieve from memory. Taking a break and allowing the item to naturally come to mind has been found to be the most effective way to overcome the tip-of-the-tongue effect.

Question 4

The fact that it is easier to recall items at the beginning and end of a list of unrelated items is known as the __________.
A)phi phenomenon
B)implicit memory effect
C)serial position effect
D)sequestering effect

Accepted Answer

The serial position effect refers to the tendency to remember items at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of a list of unrelated items more easily than items in the middle. The phi phenomenon is a visual illusion, the implicit memory effect refers to the influence of prior experience on behavior without conscious recollection, and the sequestering effect is not a known psychological concept.

Question 5

According to primacy and recency effects,when reading the chapters of the textbook,you are most likely to forget ________.
A)the information you first read
B)the information you most recently read
C)the information in the middle of the chapter
D)the information from the summary

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect suggests people are likely to remember information at the beginning of a list (or chapter), and the recency effect suggests they are also likely to remember information at the end. Therefore, information in the middle is most likely to be forgotten.

Question 6

When given a list of items to remember,people tend to do better at recalling the first items on the list than the middle of the list.This is known as the __________.
A)phi phenomenon
B)recency effect
C)chunking effect
D)primacy effect

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect refers to the phenomenon where people tend to better remember the initial items in a list due to their greater time and attention devoted to these items during encoding.

Question 7

When given a list of items to remember,people tend to do better at recalling the last items on the list.This is known as the ______.
A)phi phenomenon
B)chunking effect
C)recency effect
D)primacy effect

Accepted Answer

The recency effect refers to the tendency of people to remember the most recently presented items in a list because they are still in short-term memory. This effect can be contrasted with the primacy effect, which refers to the tendency to remember the first few items on a list because they have had more time for consolidation in long-term memory. The phi phenomenon is an illusion in which two adjacent stimuli are perceived as a single, moving object. Chunking refers to the process of grouping information into larger units to improve memory.

Question 8

When the sound of the word is the aspect that cannot be retrieved,leaving only the feeling of knowing the word without the ability to pronounce it,this is known as _________.
A)encoding failure
B)extinction of acoustic storage
C)auditory decay
D)the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Accepted Answer

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon refers to the experience of knowing a word but being unable to retrieve it, particularly when it comes to the sound of the word. The other options (encoding failure, extinction of acoustic storage, and auditory decay) relate to other processes that can affect memory retention but do not specifically pertain to the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

Question 9

"The effectiveness of memory retrieval is directly related to the similarity of cues present when the memory was encoded to the cues present when the memory is retrieved." What concept does this statement describe?
A)memorability
B)registered learning
C)encoding specificity
D)accessible decoding

Accepted Answer

This statement describes the concept of encoding specificity, which suggests that memory retrieval is most effective when the cues present during encoding and retrieval are similar. This means that specific environmental, emotional, and sensory factors that were present during initial learning are important for successful recall later on. This concept has been widely studied and supported by research.

Question 10

Moishe can remember only the first two items and the last two items on the grocery list that his wife just read to him over the phone.The other five items in between are gone.His memory of things at the end of the list demonstrates the
A)encoding specificity effect
B)primacy effects
C)recency effect
D)TOT effect.

Accepted Answer

The recency effect refers to the phenomenon where people are more likely to remember and recall items that were presented at the end of a list or sequence. In this case, Moishe was able to recall the last two items on the grocery list, indicating a recency effect. The encoding specificity effect refers to how retrieval of information is enhanced when the retrieval context matches the encoding context; primacy effects refer to the improved memory of items presented at the beginning of a sequence; and TOT (tip-of-the-tongue) effect is the phenomenon where a person knows the information but is temporarily unable to retrieve it. None of these concepts are relevant to Moishe's situation.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a test using recall?
A)short answer
B)essay
C)fill-in-the-blank
D)All of these are examples that use recall.

Accepted Answer

All of these test formats require the student to recall information from memory. Short answer questions require students to retrieve specific information from memory in order to provide a brief answer. Essay questions require students to recall and organize their knowledge on a topic in order to provide a more extended response. Fill-in-the-blank questions require students to recall and supply missing information from memory.

Question 12

When given a list of items to remember,you are more likely to remember _______.
A)the items in the beginning better than those in the middle or at the end
B)the items in the middle more than those at the beginning or at the end
C)the items at the end more than those in the middle or at the beginning of the list
D)the items at the beginning and at the end more than those in the middle of the list

Accepted Answer

The tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list is known as the serial position effect. This effect occurs because the items at the beginning are more likely to be rehearsed and therefore move into long-term memory, and the items at the end are still held in short-term memory. This results in a stronger memory for the items at the beginning and end of the list, compared to those in the middle.

Question 13

Under most circumstances,when you are intentionally trying to remember an item of information,___________ is an easier task than __________.
A)recognition;recall
B)recall;recognition
C)priming;the savings method
D)the savings method;priming

Accepted Answer

Recognition involves identifying the correct answer among a set of options, while recall requires retrieving the information from memory without any cues or prompts. In most cases, recognizing the correct answer is easier than recalling it from memory.

Question 14

Adrianna is trying to memorize the names of the bones in the hand.She had gone through a list of them when her phone rang.After she gets off the phone,she is MOST likely to remember the first few bone names because of the ________.
A)elaboration effects
B)recency effect
C)primacy effect
D)maintenance effect

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect refers to the tendency to remember items that were presented first in a list. Since Adrianna had gone through the list of bone names before her phone rang, the first few bone names are more likely to be remembered due to the primacy effect.

Question 15

Encoding specificity refers to _______________.
A)using physical surroundings or emotions as retrieval cues for specific memories
B)particular codes such as Morse code to transform information into bits
C)the discrete and specific links that occur in a Collins and Quillan network
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Encoding specificity refers to the idea that the associations formed at the time of encoding (learning) will be most effective as retrieval cues when they are present at the time of retrieval. This can include physical surroundings (such as the classroom where you learned something) or emotions (such as the excitement you felt when learning something new).

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true about the serial position curve?
A)It is used as evidence of separate long-term and short-term memory systems.
B)It is found when someone tries to recall items in long-term memory,such as the names of the presidents.
C)It is due,in part,to the fact that the middle items of a serial list get less rehearsal than items at the beginning of the list.
D)All of these are true.

Accepted Answer

All of these statements are true about the serial position curve. It is used as evidence of separate long-term and short-term memory systems, it is found when someone tries to recall items in long-term memory, and it is due, in part, to the fact that the middle items of a serial list get less rehearsal than items at the beginning of the list.

Question 17

Moishe can remember only the first two items and the last two items on the grocery list that his wife just read to him over the phone.The other five items in between are gone.This is an example of the _____________.
A)encoding specificity effect
B)serial position effect
C)TOT effect
D)reintegrative effect

Accepted Answer

The serial position effect refers to people's tendency to remember the first and last items on a list better than the items in the middle. This is because the first items have had more time to be rehearsed and stored in long-term memory, and the last items are still in short-term memory. In this scenario, Moishe can only remember the first two and last two items, which is consistent with the serial position effect.

Question 18

Janie is taking an exam in her history class.On the exam there is a question that asks her to state and discuss the five major causes of the Trans-Caspian War.Janie remembers four of them.She knows there is a fifth and can almost remember it;she knows that it is something like taxes.Janie is walking down the stairs,when all of a sudden,she remembers that the fifth point is taxes,but it is too late.Janie was suffering from ______________.
A)encoding problems
B)storage inversion
C)the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
D)evaluation overload

Accepted Answer

Janie was unable to recall the fifth point despite knowing that it was related to taxes. This phenomenon is known as the tip-of-the-tongue where the information is stored in the memory but the individual is unable to retrieve it. The other options (encoding problems, storage inversion, evaluation overload) do not accurately describe Janie's situation.

Question 19

Godden and Baddeley found that if you study on land,you do better when tested on land,and if you study underwater,you do better when tested underwater.This finding is an example of_______________.
A)memorability
B)registered learning
C)encoding specificity
D)accessible decoding

Accepted Answer

This finding is an example of encoding specificity, which is the principle that information is better remembered if the conditions during retrieval are similar to those during encoding. In this case, the environment in which the information was learned (land or underwater) influenced performance on tests taken in the same environment.

Question 20

Which of the following pairings would result in the best overall memory?
A)sad during learning and happy at recall
B)happy during learning and sad during recall
C)serious during learning and serious during recall
D)intoxicated during learning and intoxicated during recall

Accepted Answer

Consistency in mood and environment during learning and recall helps in better retrieval and retention of memory. Being serious during both learning and recall creates a focused and stable mental state, which can improve memory. In contrast, emotions that are too extreme or contrasting (such as being sad during learning and happy during recall) can disrupt memory consolidation and retrieval. Being intoxicated during learning or recall can also impair memory function.

Quiz 6: Memory

The research of Eich and Metcalf would suggest that if you were really happy when you were learning math,you should be ______ when taking the math exam to do well.

The best place to take your biology exam to ensure good retrieval of biology concepts is in _____________.

Studies have found that the best way to overcome the tip-of-the-tongue effect is to _____________.

The fact that it is easier to recall items at the beginning and end of a list of unrelated items is known as the __________.

According to primacy and recency effects,when reading the chapters of the textbook,you are most likely to forget ________.

When given a list of items to remember,people tend to do better at recalling the first items on the list than the middle of the list.This is known as the __________.

When given a list of items to remember,people tend to do better at recalling the last items on the list.This is known as the ______.

When the sound of the word is the aspect that cannot be retrieved,leaving only the feeling of knowing the word without the ability to pronounce it,this is known as _________.

"The effectiveness of memory retrieval is directly related to the similarity of cues present when the memory was encoded to the cues present when the memory is retrieved." What concept does this statement describe?

Moishe can remember only the first two items and the last two items on the grocery list that his wife just read to him over the phone.The other five items in between are gone.His memory of things at the end of the list demonstrates the

Which of the following is an example of a test using recall?

When given a list of items to remember,you are more likely to remember _______.

Under most circumstances,when you are intentionally trying to remember an item of information,_ is an easier task than .

Adrianna is trying to memorize the names of the bones in the hand.She had gone through a list of them when her phone rang.After she gets off the phone,she is MOST likely to remember the first few bone names because of the ________.

Encoding specificity refers to _______________.

Which of the following statements is true about the serial position curve?

Moishe can remember only the first two items and the last two items on the grocery list that his wife just read to him over the phone.The other five items in between are gone.This is an example of the _____________.

Godden and Baddeley found that if you study on land,you do better when tested on land,and if you study underwater,you do better when tested underwater.This finding is an example of_______________.

Which of the following pairings would result in the best overall memory?