Question 1

Your friend tells you that his therapist is a Gestalt therapist.You ask him to describe what might happen in one of his therapy sessions.Which of the following is his most likely answer?

Accepted Answer

Gestalt therapy often involves techniques such as the empty chair exercise, where clients imagine someone (or something) sitting in an empty chair and talk to them as if they were a real person. This technique is used to help clients confront and resolve inner conflicts.

Question 2

Judy's therapist listens to her without interruption and judgment.She provides Judy with warmth and respect,without any conditions attached.Her therapist is demonstrating ______________.

Accepted Answer

The therapist is demonstrating unconditional positive regard, which means that she shows warmth, respect, and empathy towards Judy without any conditions or judgment. The therapist is creating a safe and accepting environment for Judy to express herself freely without feeling judged. Reflection involves summarizing or restating what the client has said to ensure understanding. Genuineness involves the therapist being authentic and transparent with the client. Nondirective countertransference refers to the therapist's unconscious emotional reactions to the client that may interfere with therapy.

Question 3

Which type of therapy emphasizes people's potential for growth and the importance of an empathetic therapist?

Accepted Answer

Person-centered therapy emphasizes the potential for growth and the importance of an empathetic therapist. The therapist creates a warm and accepting atmosphere, showing unconditional positive regard for the client, to facilitate the client's growth process.

Question 4

____________ therapies have been used not only to treat mental disorders but also to help people make career choices,deal with workplace problems,and as a form of marriage counseling.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapies, such as person-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy, focus on the individual's subjective experience and personal growth. They aim to increase self-awareness and self-understanding, which can help people not only with mental health issues but also with various life challenges, such as career choices, workplace stress, and relationship problems. In contrast, psychoanalytic therapy is more focused on unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences, while biomedical and biological therapies generally involve medication and other medical interventions for psychiatric disorders.

Question 5

Which of the following does humanistic therapy emphasize?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapy emphasizes personal choice and responsibility for one's own actions and growth, as well as the importance of self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Question 6

Gestalt therapy was developed based on the work of ______.

Accepted Answer

Gestalt therapy was developed by Fritz Perls, who was influenced by existentialism, mindfulness, and the work of Kurt Goldstein. Perls emphasized the importance of the present moment, experiencing and expressing emotions, and personal responsibility.

Question 7

What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal difficulties?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that the cause of most personal difficulties was a mismatch between an individual's ideal self (the person they wish to be) and their real self (the person they actually are). This incongruence can lead to anxiety, low self-esteem, and a variety of psychological problems. Rogers believed that therapy could help individuals to develop greater self-awareness and self-acceptance, which could in turn reduce this incongruence and promote personal growth.

Question 8

According to Carl Rogers,the __________ is how people see their actual traits and abilities.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed in the idea of the real self, which represents how a person views their own actual traits and abilities. The real self is different from the ideal self, which is how a person wishes they were or how they want to be perceived by others. The ego and id are terms from Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and do not pertain to Rogers' humanistic approach.

Question 9

What is the primary goal of the therapist in person-centered therapy?

Accepted Answer

The primary goal of the therapist in person-centered therapy is to provide unconditional positive regard to the client, creating a nonjudgmental environment in which the client can feel comfortable exploring and expressing their thoughts and emotions. The therapist does not aim to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors or facilitate transference, but rather to help the client become more aware of their own feelings and work towards self-actualization.

Question 10

Dr.Graham listens to Maria's statements and then restates what he feels is Maria's message and describes her emotions.What type of therapy is Dr.Graham practicing?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Graham is likely practicing person-centered therapy, also known as client-centered therapy, which involves empathetic listening and reflecting back the client's thoughts and feelings without judgment or interpretation.

Question 11

The person-centered therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing.This process is referred to as ________________.

Accepted Answer

Empathy is the ability of the therapist to understand and acknowledge the feelings and experiences of the client. It is a core component of person-centered therapy and helps create a safe and supportive environment for the client to explore their emotions and thoughts. Conditions of worth refer to the external standards set by others for a person's self-worth, while catharsis is the emotional release experienced by a client during therapy. Unconditional positive regard refers to the therapist's acceptance and non-judgmental attitude towards the client, but it does not specifically address the therapist's ability to understand and empathize with the client's experience.

Question 12

Expressing empathy,developing the discrepancies between a client's present behaviors and values,rolling with resistance,and supporting a client's self-efficacy are the four pillars of __________.

Accepted Answer

These are the four pillars of motivational interviewing, a counseling approach that helps clients explore and resolve ambivalence towards changing problematic behaviors. Rational emotive therapy and person-centered therapy are other types of counseling approaches that have their own principles and techniques. Contingency contracting is a behavioral modification technique used in counseling and therapy to reinforce desired behaviors.

Question 13

What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist?

Accepted Answer

One of the major goals of the Gestalt therapist is to help clients become more self-aware and attuned to their own feelings and experiences. This can involve exploring present-moment experiences and taking responsibility for one's own thoughts and emotions, rather than blaming outside circumstances for one's difficulties. Gestalt therapy does not involve facilitating transference, eliminating undesirable behaviors, or providing unconditional positive regard as primary goals.

Question 14

Imagine if Sigmund Freud were to go to Carl Rogers for therapy.Freud's major complaint is depression due to distress over the lack of positive response to his theories.What is Rogers most likely to say during their session?

Accepted Answer

Rogers is likely to show empathy and acknowledge Freud's distress without invalidating his feelings or jumping to a different topic. Option B is more aligned with Freudian psychoanalysis, not Rogers' person-centered approach. Option C could be interpreted as invalidating Freud's feelings and option D is more of a technique used in Rogers' therapy, but not necessarily relevant to the issue at hand.

Question 15

Gestalt therapy is considered ________ because the therapist leads the client through a number of planned exercises as well as confronts the client's statements.

Accepted Answer

Gestalt therapy is considered directive because the therapist actively guides the client through exercises and confronts their statements, rather than taking a nondirective approach where the client leads the session.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's person-centered therapy?

Accepted Answer

Unconditional positive regard is a key component of Rogers's person-centered therapy, which refers to the therapist's ability to accept and support the client without judgment or evaluation, creating a safe and non-judgmental space for the client to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.

Question 17

The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached,no matter what the client may say or do,is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Unconditional positive regard is a nonjudgmental and accepting attitude of the therapist towards the client, which is essential for a successful therapy. It implies that the therapist shows respect, empathy, and warmth towards the client regardless of their behavior, beliefs or attitudes. It creates a safe and supportive environment for the client to explore their feelings and emotions without fear of any negative consequences. Conditions of worth, on the other hand, refer to the expectations or demands that a client needs to meet in order to receive positive regard from others, which can be a barrier to their personal growth and well-being. Empathy and catharsis are also important components of therapy, but they are not specific to the concept of unconditional positive regard.

Question 18

According to Carl Rogers,the __________ is how people think they should be.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that every person has both an actual self and an ideal self. The actual self is who the person currently is, while the ideal self is who the person wants to be or thinks they should be. The ideal self represents the person's goals and aspirations, and it is a critical component of their self-concept.

Question 19

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work,with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board.

Accepted Answer

The person-centered approach is a nondirective approach because the therapist does not give advice or guidance but instead creates a safe and empathic environment for the client to explore their own thoughts and feelings. The client is responsible for setting their own goals and finding their own solutions, with the therapist providing support and reflection.

Question 20

The person-centered therapist must show a genuine,open,and honest response to the client.This is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

Authenticity is the term used to describe the therapist's ability to be genuine and honest with their responses to the client. Empathy refers to the therapist's ability to understand and feel what the client is going through. Resistance refers to the client's unconscious attempts to block progress in therapy. Unconditional positive regard refers to the therapist's ability to show acceptance and non-judgment towards the client. While all of these concepts are important in person-centered therapy, authenticity specifically relates to the therapist's ability to be honest and genuine in their interactions with the client.

Quiz 15: Applied Psychology and Psychology Careers