Question 1

__________ play(s)a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract.

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract, making it essential for the functioning of the muscular system. It is involved in a wide range of functions, including movement, memory, attention, and learning. It is also involved in the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and other autonomic functions.

Question 2

Glutamate is to __________ as anandamide is to __________.

Accepted Answer

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is involved in learning and memory, while anandamide is an endocannabinoid that interacts with the cannabinoid receptors and is involved in pain relief, appetite regulation, and mood. The relationship between glutamate and anandamide is not directly related to any of the other answer choices. However, marijuana (which contains delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC) interacts with the cannabinoid receptors in the brain and can cause euphoria, relaxation, and altered perception. Alcohol, on the other hand, enhances the effects of GABA (a neurotransmitter that inhibits neural activity) and can cause feelings of relaxation, decreased inhibition, and impaired judgment.

Question 3

Isabella is putting mustard on her hot dog.She realizes she has put on too much and sucks up some of it back into the squeeze bottle.This process is similar to

Accepted Answer

The process of sucking up the mustard back into the squeeze bottle is similar to reuptake, which is a process in which neurotransmitters are taken back up into the presynaptic neuron after they have been released into the synapse. This helps to regulate neurotransmitter levels in the synapse and prevent overstimulation of the postsynaptic neuron. Similarly, Isabella is regulating the amount of mustard on her hot dog by taking some back into the squeeze bottle. The other choices (A, B, and D) do not relate as closely to this scenario.

Question 4

The activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)is increased by

Accepted Answer

Alcohol and anti-anxiety drugs such as benzodiazepines increase GABA activity by binding to GABA receptors and enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA.

Question 5

Neurons in virtually every brain area use these two chemical messengers to communicate with other neurons.They are

Accepted Answer

Glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the two primary neurotransmitters used by neurons in virtually every brain area to communicate with other neurons. Glutamate is responsible for promoting excitation, while GABA is responsible for promoting inhibition.

Question 6

Sara has been experiencing a serious memory problem.An interdisciplinary team has ruled out a range of causes and believes that a neurotransmitter is involved.Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in this problem?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter known to be involved in memory formation and retrieval. A deficiency in acetylcholine has been linked to memory problems and cognitive decline, making it the most likely candidate in this scenario. Anandamide is a cannabinoid neurotransmitter that modulates pain and mood. Dopamine is involved in motivation and reward processing, and serotonin is involved in mood regulation and sleep. While all of these neurotransmitters play important roles in various cognitive processes, they are less likely to be directly involved in memory problems than acetylcholine.

Question 7

Alcohol and anti-anxiety drugs tend to increase the activity of which neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol and anti-anxiety drugs increase the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that decreases neural activity and has a calming effect. Acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin are not typically affected by alcohol or anti-anxiety drugs in the same way.

Question 8

Michael has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and is being treated with drugs that help to increase his levels of the neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Therefore, the drugs used to treat Parkinson's aim to increase dopamine levels in the brain.

Question 9

What neurotransmitter is responsible for pain reduction and increased appetite?

Accepted Answer

Anandamide is a neurotransmitter that is involved in regulating pain, mood, and appetite, among other functions.

Question 10

__________ neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons,whereas __________ neurotransmitters make it less likely that a neuron will send its message.

Accepted Answer

Excitatory neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, increase the likelihood that a neuron will send its message to other neurons. Inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glycine, decrease the likelihood that a neuron will send its message.

Question 11

The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system that plays a role in the relay of sensory information and learning is

Accepted Answer

Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system and plays a role in the relay of sensory information and learning. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter and does not play a direct role in the relay of sensory information. Acetylcholine and serotonin are also neurotransmitters, but they have different functions in the nervous system.

Question 12

Alzheimer's disease is associated with the destruction of neurons containing

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is associated with the destruction of neurons containing acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a critical role in learning, memory, and attention. The loss of acetylcholine-producing neurons in the brain is a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease, leading to cognitive decline and memory loss.

Question 13

What neurotransmitter is responsible for motor function and reward?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is responsible for motor function and reward. It is involved in pleasurable sensations, motivation, and movement. Deficiencies in dopamine are associated with Parkinson's disease, while excess dopamine release is linked to addiction and psychotic disorders. The other neurotransmitters mentioned are not primarily responsible for motor function and reward.

Question 14

Which of the following is not true about neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters cannot bind to any receptor site, they are specific to certain receptor sites. This is what allows for the specificity and selectivity of neurotransmission.

Question 15

Which of the following neurotransmitters functions as a common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Accepted Answer

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. It works by decreasing activity in the nervous system and promoting relaxation. Serotonin, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine are all neurotransmitters that have different functions in the brain, but they are not typically considered inhibitory.

Question 16

Carson is addicted to methamphetamine,whereas Jonas is addicted to heroin.According to the text,the neurotransmitter associated with Carson's addiction is __________,while Jonas's addiction is associated with __________.

Accepted Answer

Methamphetamine is associated with the release of norepinephrine, while heroin is associated with the release of endorphins.

Question 17

Neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the synaptic vesicles and recycled through the process called

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the synaptic vesicles through the process called reuptake. This allows for the recycling of neurotransmitters and the efficient transmission of signals across the synapse.

Question 18

Mobombi had completed about a quarter of the distance in the marathon in which he was a participant.Suddenly,he stumbled and fell.Despite feeling a sharp pain initially,he got up and continued to run until he completed the race.Upon crossing the finish line he fell down,writhing in pain.When checked out,it was discovered that Mobombi had broken his leg.He was able to run the remainder of the marathon relatively pain free due to the release of

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are natural pain relievers that are released by the body during times of stress or pain. In this scenario, when Mobombi stumbled and fell, his body likely released endorphins to help him continue running despite the pain. After he crossed the finish line and his leg was checked out, it was discovered that he had broken it, which would explain why he fell down again and was writhing in pain.

Question 19

Which neurotransmitter is associated with sleep,mood,and temperature regulation?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating sleep, mood, and temperature. Low levels of serotonin are linked to depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Additionally, serotonin is involved in regulating body temperature by signaling to the hypothalamus to either increase or decrease heat production in response to changes in the external environment.

Question 20

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system is

Accepted Answer

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It works by reducing the excitability of neurons and preventing them from firing. This helps to regulate the overall activity and balance of the nervous system. Serotonin and glutamate are both important neurotransmitters, but they are primarily involved in other functions such as mood regulation and synaptic plasticity. Acetylcholine is not an inhibitory neurotransmitter, but rather is involved in processes such as muscle contraction and cognitive function.

Quiz 3: D: Biological Psychology

__________ play(s) a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract.

Glutamate is to as anandamide is to .