Question 1

The target population for the department store project was defined as "male or female head of household responsible for most of the shopping at department stores in metro Atlanta in 2009." "Metro Atlanta" is what part of the target population definition?

Accepted Answer

"Metro Atlanta" is defining the geographic extent of the target population, therefore it falls under the category of extent. A is incorrect because sampling unit refers to the individual units selected for the sample. B is incorrect because time does not apply to the definition of the target population, but rather relates to the time period in which the data is collected. C is incorrect because elements refer to the individual units that make up the population.

Question 2

________ is a sampling procedure in which each element of the population has a fixed probabilistic chance of being selected for the sample.

Accepted Answer

Probability sampling is the only sampling procedure mentioned that ensures each element of the population has an equal and fixed probabilistic chance of being selected. Convenience sampling and judgmental sampling do not have a probabilistic chance of being selected, and nonprobability sampling can have varying levels of probabilistic chance.

Question 3

The object that possesses the information sought by the researcher and about which inferences are to be made is a ________.

Accepted Answer

An element refers to a single unit, individual or entity that possesses the information being sought by the researcher. The population refers to the larger group or collection of elements that are of interest to the researcher. A census is a type of research method that aims to collect information from every element in the population. Target population refers to the specific subgroup within the larger population that the researcher is interested in studying. Therefore, the best choice for the object that possesses the information sought by the researcher is an element.

Question 4

________ is a sampling technique in which an element cannot be included in the sample more than once.

Accepted Answer

Sampling without replacement ensures that each element has an equal chance of being chosen and prevents duplication within the sample, making it a more representative sample of the population.

Question 5

Which of the following conditions does not favor the use of a sample (Table 11.1 in the text)?

Accepted Answer

The condition that does not favor the use of a sample is when the cost of sampling errors is high. This means that the potential harm caused by errors in the sample outweighs the potential benefits of using a sample, making a census or complete enumeration more appropriate. The other conditions listed (large population, high cost of nonsampling errors, budget and time limit constraints) all support the use of a sample as a more feasible and cost-effective method of data collection.

Question 6

________ does not allow direct generalizations to a specific population,usually because the population is not defined explicitly.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ does not allow direct generalizations to...

Question 7

________ is a selection method where the elements are selected sequentially.It explicitly incorporates prior information about population parameters as well as the costs and probabilities associated with making wrong decisions.

Accepted Answer

The description of the sampling method matches the Bayesian approach, which incorporates prior information and considers costs and probabilities of incorrect decisions. Sampling with or without replacement and simple random sampling do not explicitly incorporate these factors.

Question 8

Which of the following conditions does not favor the use of a census (Table 11.1 in the text)?

Accepted Answer

A census is not favored when the population is large because it becomes impractical and costly to collect data from every individual.

Question 9

The target population for the department store project was defined as "male or female head of household responsible for most of the shopping at department stores in metro Atlanta in 2009." "Male or female head of household responsible for most of the shopping at department stores" is what part of the target population definition?

Accepted Answer

"Male or female head of household responsible for most of the shopping at department stores" is defining the elements of the target population, as it specifies the particular individuals or units that the study is interested in. The sampling unit would be the individual units selected from this population for the study, the time is already defined as "in metro Atlanta in 2009," and the extent would refer to the geographical boundaries of the population being studied.

Question 10

The basic unit containing the elements of the population to be sampled is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A sampling unit is the basic unit containing the elements of the population to be sampled. It could be an individual, a household, a school, etc. The other options are not specifically related to the basic unit of the population.

B) Judgmental sample refers to a non-random sampling method where the researcher selects participants based on their personal judgment or expertise.

C) Sample refers to a small group of individuals selected from a larger population for research purposes.

D) Sampling frame is a list of all the sampling units in the population being studied, used as a reference for selecting the sample.

Question 11

________ is a form of convenience sampling in which the population elements are selected based on the judgment of the researcher.

Accepted Answer

Judgmental sampling is a nonprobability sampling technique in which the researcher selects population elements based on their own judgment or expertise. This is a convenient way of sampling when the population is too large and heterogeneous to select a random sample. In this method, the researcher uses their knowledge and experience to identify the sample that would best represent the population. However, since it is subjective, there is a risk of bias and lack of representativeness.

Question 12

________ requires a detailed specification of how the sampling design decisions with respect to the population,sampling frame,sampling unit,sampling techniques,and sample size are to be implemented.

Accepted Answer

Execution of the sampling process requires a detailed specification of how the sampling design decisions are to be implemented, including the population, sampling frame, sampling unit, sampling techniques, and sample size. This is the stage where the actual sampling process takes place, and it is important to follow the predetermined design decisions to ensure the validity of the sampling results.

Question 13

A representation of the elements of the target population consisting of a list or set of directions for identifying the target population is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A sampling frame is a representation of the elements of the target population consisting of a list or set of directions for identifying the target population. Judgmental sample is a type of sampling method, sampling unit refers to the individual element or group of elements to be selected for the sample, and sample is the selected subset from the target population.

Question 14

The sample size decision should be guided by certain qualitative considerations.Which of the following is not one of those considerations?

Accepted Answer

The nature of the results is not a qualitative consideration that should guide the sample size decision.

Question 15

The collection of elements or objects that possess the information sought by the researcher and about which inferences are to be made is a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The collection of elements or objects that...

Question 16

________ attempts to obtain a sample of convenient elements.The selection of sampling units is left primarily to the interviewer.

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling is the method of obtaining a sample of convenient elements, where the selection of sampling units is left primarily to the interviewer. This approach is commonly used in situations where it is difficult or impractical to obtain a random sample. However, convenience sampling may introduce bias into the sample, as certain groups may be over or underrepresented depending on the selection method used.

Question 17

Which statement is correct about defining the target population?

Accepted Answer

All three statements are true. Defining the target population is a crucial aspect of research and involves translating the problem definition into a precise statement of who should and should not be included in the sample. The target population should be defined in terms of elements, sampling units, extent, and time. Imprecise definition of the target population can result in research that is ineffective or misleading.

Question 18

Decisions concerning whether to use a Bayesian or traditional sampling approach,to sample with or without replacement,and to use nonprobability or probability sampling pertain to which step in the sampling design process (Figure 11.1 in the text)?

Accepted Answer

The decision to use a Bayesian or traditional sampling approach, sample with or without replacement, and use nonprobability or probability sampling all pertain to selecting a sampling technique. This is the first step in the sampling design process. The best choice of sampling technique(s) depends on the research question, available resources, and other factors specific to the study. There is no definitive answer to this question without additional information.

Question 19

If the researcher is concerned about the number of variables,the nature of the analysis,and completion rates,then,he/she is at which stage of the sampling design process (Figure 11.1 in the text)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the researcher is concerned about the...

Question 20

The target population should be defined in terms of all of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

The target population is typically defined by the sampling units, time, and extent, but not by size. Size refers to the number of individuals or units in the population, not a defining characteristic.

Quiz 11: Sampling: Design and Procedures