Question 1

Lillian Wald's major contribution to public health nursing was:

Accepted Answer

Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement.Isabel Hampton Robb founded the American Nurses Association.Lillian Wald was a graduate of the New York Training Hospital for Nurses.The Public Health Service was established by the federal government.

Question 2

A nurse was involved in the original work of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing.Which of the following best describes the influence this has had on nursing practice today?

Accepted Answer

The National Organization for Public Health Nursing sought to standardize public health nursing.The Henry Street Settlement was already in existence.The baccalaureate degree in nursing was not developed yet.Cooperative agreements were made between life insurance companies and visiting nurses associations that expanded availability of public health nursing services.

Question 3

Current threats to health in the United States that community health nurses are faced include:

Accepted Answer

The newest threats to health that PHNs are involved in are HIV,H1N1 influenza,and bioterrorism.Hepatitis is also a current threat,but diphtheria and cholera are not concerns in the United States.Avian flu may be a threat,but radiation and TB are ongoing.Environmental pollution has been reduced; however,there are pollution issues that do raise concerns.

Question 4

A nurse is working to reform a program that was based on the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601.Which of the following programs is the nurse most likely working on?

Accepted Answer

The Poor Law guaranteed medical care for poor,blind,and "lame" individuals,making it most similar to Medicaid since this program provides medical insurance to these types of individuals.Welfare provides more than health care.Food stamps do not provide medical care.The Medicare program provides medical care to the elderly population.

Question 5

Neighborhood centers that provided health care,education,and social welfare programs were called:

Accepted Answer

Settlement houses were neighborhood centers that provided health care,education,and social welfare programs.Nursing centers,nurse-managed clinics,and PHSs are not necessarily in neighborhoods.

Question 6

During the time when the Rural Nursing Service was operating through the American Red Cross,a nurse needed to demonstrate resourcefulness.Which of the following tasks would the nurse most likely have done?

Accepted Answer

In providing medical care,rural nurses were resourceful in finding alternatives when they did not have medical products that were available in urban areas.They were not involved in testing well water,providing post-surgical care,or teaching in rural nursing programs.

Question 7

A nurse is considering joining the American Public Health Association (APHA).Which of the following information about this organization should be considered when making this decision?

Accepted Answer

APHA was formed to facilitate interprofessional efforts and promote the "practical application of public hygiene." The Public Health Section within APHA provides nurses with a forum to discuss their concerns and strategies.It also serves as a focus of leadership and policy development for community/public health nursing.

Question 8

Local health departments were formed in urban areas in the late 1800s to:

Accepted Answer

Local health departments were formed to handle environmental issues in cities,including problems associated with crowded living conditions and dirty streets,and to regulate public baths,slaughterhouses,and pigsties.Because sanitation was such an issue,there was not a focus on interdisciplinary care,provision of immunizations,or public health education for nurses.

Question 9

The document Visiting Nursing in the United States highlighted the fact that:

Accepted Answer

This report emphasized the fact that visiting nurse services were concentrated in the northeast,which underscored the need for rural health.The document did not address how the nurses were educated or the diseases that nurses were curing.This report showed that there was not adequate coverage for nurses in less populated areas.

Question 10

A nurse is providing public health education based on the teachings of Lillian Wald.Which of the following topics will the nurse most likely discuss?

Accepted Answer

Lillian Wald provided health care that included educating the community on health care matters.The focus of the majority of her work was on health services and health promotion for families and children.Because of her focus on health promotion for families and children,her primary role would not have been taking and recording blood pressures,discussing environmental pollutants (as her focus was not occupational health),or time management (as at this point in time very few women were working outside of the home).

Question 11

In early colonial North America,a colonist worked in the public health sector.Which of the following would have most likely been the focus?

Accepted Answer

The early colonial public health efforts included the collection of vital statistics,improvements to sanitation systems,and control of communicable disease introduced through seaports.Establishing schools of nursing,developing vaccines,and developing public housing are all events that happened after the colonial period.

Question 12

In the past,population-centered nurses have been called:

Accepted Answer

In the past,population-centered nurses have been called public health nurses (PHNs),district nurses,visiting nurses,school nurses,occupational health nurses,and home health nurses.Many women who performed nursing functions in almshouses and early hospitals in Great Britain were poorly educated,untrained,and often undependable.The original soldier nurses worked with Florence Nightingale at Scutari.Various groups of "sisters" have been used throughout history to care for the poor.

Question 13

A nurse had the opportunity to work with Mary Breckinridge.Which of the following would the nurse most likely have assisted with?

Accepted Answer

Mary Breckinridge developed health programs geared toward improving the health care of the rural and often inaccessible populations in the Appalachian regions of southern Kentucky.Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement.

Question 14

A nurse is comparing the historical practices of industrial and occupational health nurses.Which of the following would the nurse most likely note when comparing these two occupations?

Accepted Answer

Early occupational health nursing did not provide care for work-related injuries,but instead focused on the care of employees and their families in the home.Contemporary occupational health nurses provide care for work-related injuries.The focus of both of these professions has been on employee care and the work environment.

Question 15

A nurse was employed by the Marine Hospital Service.Which of the following tasks would have most likely been the responsibility of the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Providing health care to seamen was an early effort by the federal government to improve public health.The purpose of the Marine Hospital Service was to secure its maritime trade and seacoast cities.Marine Hospital Service nurses did not establish policies or hospital programs.They also did not identify and improve environmental conditions as Florence Nightingale did.Their sole purpose was to provide care for this population.

Question 16

Which statement is true about African American nurses in public health?

Accepted Answer

Due to segregation,certification and graduate education were more difficult to obtain.They were faced with many challenges because of discrimination and had a limited presence in public health nursing practice.They were not part of the FNS or recruited as military nurses.

Question 17

Nurses who provided care to people in their homes and provided that care to several people at a time were called _____ nurses.

Accepted Answer

The visiting nurse cared for several families in a day and helped make care of the sick poor at home economical,whereas a private duty nurse may live with a family of clients receiving care and was to be available 24 hours a day.PHNs focused on care of populations.Community health nurses would be considered to be anyone who worked outside of a hospital setting.

Question 18

Florence Nightingale's contributions to public health included:

Accepted Answer

During the Crimean War,Nightingale progressively improved the soldiers' health by adopting a population-based approach that used simple epidemiological measures and greatly decreased mortality.The focus of her care was on wounded soldiers,not those who were sick,poor,and neglected at homes and institutions.She did not write the Elizabethan Poor Law.William Rathbone founded the district nursing association.

Question 19

A nurse worked in a school setting during the early twentieth century.Which of the following would have been the focus of this nurse's practice?

Accepted Answer

Early school nursing focused on investigating causes of absenteeism,not providing medical treatment.That was the responsibility of physicians.Early school nurses did not teach in the schools.Early school nurses did not promote nursing as an autonomous practice.

Question 20

A nurse is working in a public health nursing setting.Which of the following best describes why this specialty is appealing to nurses?

Accepted Answer

Community health nurses have a long history of autonomous practice,problem solving,and decision making.Community health care nurses engage in the other activities as well,but overall,they have been best known for autonomy of practice.

Quiz 2: History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing