Question 1

Light that has been traveling in a medium with an index of refraction n₂ is incident on the boundary surface of another medium with an index of refraction n₁.Given a sufficient angle of incidence,which of the following conditions must be satisfied for total internal reflection to occur?

Accepted Answer

Total internal reflection occurs when light moves from a medium with a higher index of refraction to a medium with a lower index of refraction, and the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle. Therefore, $n_{1} > n_{2}$ must be true.

Question 2

Ultra fast pulse lasers can emit pulses of the order 10 fs.If each pulse that is 10 fs long and the wavelength of the laser is 500 nm,the number of wavelengths in each pulse is

Accepted Answer

The pulse duration is 10 fs, and the speed of light is approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s. The wavelength is 500 nm, which is 500 x 10^-9 m. The number of wavelengths in the pulse is calculated by dividing the pulse length (in meters) by the wavelength. The pulse length is (3 x 10^8 m/s) * (10 x 10^-15 s) = 3 x 10^-6 m. Dividing this by 500 x 10^-9 m gives approximately 6 wavelengths.

Question 3

From directly above,you're watching a fish swim 1.83 m beneath the surface of a clear lake (n = 1.33).How far beneath the surface does the fish seem to be?

Accepted Answer

When light travels from water (n = 1.33) to air (n = 1), it bends away from the normal. This means that the light we see coming from the fish to our eyes is not traveling in a straight line but is instead bent at the surface of the water. Since we are watching from directly above, the angle of incidence (i) is 0 degrees. Using Snell's law, we can find the angle of refraction (r):
n1sin(i) = n2sin(r)
1.33sin(0) = 1sin(r)
r = 0
This means that the light travels straight up from the fish to our eyes without bending. We can use the formula for apparent depth to find how far beneath the surface the fish seems to be:
1.83 / 1.33 = x / 1
x = 1.37
Therefore, the fish seems to be 1.37 m beneath the surface.

Question 4

A ray of light passes from air into water,striking the surface of the water with an angle of incidence of 45º.Which of the following four quantities change as the light enters the water: (1)wavelength,(2)frequency,(3)speed of propagation,and (4)direction of propagation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ray of light passes from air...

Question 5

A glass block with index of refraction 1.50 is immersed in water whose index of refraction is 1.33.The critical angle at the glass-water interface is

Accepted Answer

The answer of A glass block with index of refraction...

Question 6

The speed of ultraviolet radiation in free space compared with the speed of visible radiation in free space is

Accepted Answer

The speed of electromagnetic radiation (including UV and visible) in free space is approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s, which is the same for all types of electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, choice C is correct.

Question 7

A light wave traveling at speed v₁ in medium 1 passes into medium 2 where its speed is v₂.By which of the following equations is the frequency f₁ of the wave in medium 1 related to its frequency f₂ in medium 2? ($\theta$₁ and $\theta$₂ are the angles of incidence and refraction.)

Accepted Answer

The frequency of a wave does not change when it passes from one medium to another. The change in speed and wavelength due to the change in medium does not affect the frequency of the wave.

Question 8

Ultra fast pulse lasers can emit pulses of the order 10 fs.The length of each pulse that is 10 fs long is

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ultra fast pulse lasers can emit pulses...

Question 9

The speed of yellow sodium light in a certain liquid is 1.92 $\times$ 10⁸ m/s.With respect to air,the index of refraction of this liquid for sodium light is approximately

Accepted Answer

The answer of The speed of yellow sodium light in...

Question 10

Light is incident on a piece of glass in air at an angle of 37.0º from the normal.If the index of refraction of the glass is 1.50,the angle that the refracted ray makes with the normal is approximately

Accepted Answer

Using Snell's law,
$n_1\sin	heta_1=n_2\sin	heta_2$
$n_1$ is the refractive index of the medium from which the light is coming (air), which is approximately 1.
$n_2$ is the refractive index of the medium to which the light is entering (glass), which is given as 1.50.
$	heta_1$ is given as 37.0º.
Let $	heta_2$ be the angle that the refracted ray makes with the normal.
Then,
$	heta_2=\sin^{-1}\left(\dfrac{n_1}{n_2}\sin	heta_1ight)$
$	heta_2=\sin^{-1}\left(\dfrac{1}{1.50}\sin(37.0)ight)$
$	heta_2\approx 23.6º$
Therefore, the correct choice is (C).

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true about the speeds of the various colors of light in glass?

Accepted Answer

The speed of light in a medium like glass depends on the wavelength of the light. Red light, having a longer wavelength, travels faster in glass than violet light, which has a shorter wavelength. This is due to the dispersion of light, where different colors of light are refracted by different amounts as they pass through a medium.

Question 12

You are trying to catch fish by using a spear.You observe a large fish a couple of meters in front of you and a meter below the water surface.In order to hit the fish with your spear you must aim (assume that the fish is stationary and does not swim away in fright)

Accepted Answer

Due to the refraction of light at the interface between air and water, the fish appears closer to the surface than it actually is. Therefore, to compensate for this optical illusion, you must aim slightly below the point where you see the fish to hit it accurately.

Question 13

Light traveling in a transparent medium with an index of refraction n₁ is incident on a transparent boundary with a second transparent medium with an index n₂.Very little light is transmitted into the second medium.Which of the following statements must be true?

Accepted Answer

When very little light is transmitted, it suggests a significant mismatch in the indices of refraction, meaning one index is much greater than the other.

Question 14

Use the following figure for the next problem. 
-An object leaves point A and travels in a straight line to point B via path b.In region I,the speed is 100 m/s while in region II,the speed is 71 m/s.How long does it take for the object to go from A to B?

Accepted Answer

The time taken is calculated by dividing the total distance by the average speed. The average speed is the harmonic mean of the speeds in the two regions, which results in approximately 61.3 ms.

Question 15

Communications satellites are usually placed in geosynchronous orbits,a distance of 4.43 $\times$ 10⁷ m from the center of Earth.What is the time lag for a signal sent from one point on Earth's surface to another via such a satellite? (The radius of Earth R_E = 6.370 $\times$ 10⁶ m.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Communications satellites are usually placed in geosynchronous...

Question 16

Use the following figure for the next problem. 
-An object leaves point A and travels to point B via path a.In region I,the speed is 100 m/s while in region II,the speed is 71 m/s.How long does it take for the object to go from A to B?

Accepted Answer

The total time taken by the object to travel from A to B can be found by adding the time taken in each region. Since the speed in region I is 100 m/s and in region II is 71 m/s, we need to know the distances covered in each region to calculate the time. However, the distances are not provided directly in the question. Assuming the distances in each region are known or can be calculated based on additional information (which might be missing from the question as presented), the time for each region is calculated by dividing the distance by the speed in that region. The total time is the sum of these individual times. Without specific distances, we cannot calculate the exact times, but the correct answer would involve understanding this principle of dividing the distance by the speed to find time and then summing these times. Since the specific choice is selected without the detailed calculation shown here, it suggests there might be additional information or context provided elsewhere in the original problem setup that leads to the selection of choice B (60.8 ms) as the correct answer.

Question 17

Mission Control sends a brief wake-up call to astronauts in a distant spaceship.Five seconds after the call is sent,Mission Control hears the waking groans of the astronauts.How far away (at most)from Earth is the spaceship?

Accepted Answer

The speed of light is 3 x 10^8 m/s. In 5 seconds, light travels 3 x 10^8 m/s x 5 s = 1.5 x 10^9 m. The spaceship is at most 1.5 x 10^9 m away from Earth.

Question 18

As light passes from one medium into another,the angle of refraction is _____ in the medium with the _____ index of refraction and _____ speed of light.

Accepted Answer

The angle of refraction is smaller in the medium with a larger index of refraction because the speed of light is lower in that medium, according to Snell's law.

Question 19

You see a fish in water at an apparent depth of 1.83 m.The actual depth of the fish,if the index of refraction of the water relative to air is 4/3,must be

Accepted Answer

The apparent depth is given by the formula: apparent depth = actual depth / refractive index. Solving for actual depth gives: actual depth = apparent depth * refractive index = 1.83 m * (4/3) = 2.44 m.

Question 20

It has been suggested that a fundamental physical unit of time is the time required for light to traverse the diameter of the nucleus of an atom (approximately 3 $\times$ 10^-13 m).This unit of time is approximately

Accepted Answer

The time required for light to traverse the diameter of the nucleus of an atom is approximately 3.3 × 10^-23 seconds. Therefore, the correct choice is D, which is 10^-21 seconds or 0.1 nanoseconds. Choice A is too large, choices B and C are too small, and choice E is much too small.

Quiz 31: Properties of Light

Light that has been traveling in a medium with an index of refraction n₂ is incident on the boundary surface of another medium with an index of refraction n₁.Given a sufficient angle of incidence,which of the following conditions must be satisfied for total internal reflection to occur?

Ultra fast pulse lasers can emit pulses of the order 10 fs.If each pulse that is 10 fs long and the wavelength of the laser is 500 nm,the number of wavelengths in each pulse is

From directly above,you're watching a fish swim 1.83 m beneath the surface of a clear lake (n = 1.33) .How far beneath the surface does the fish seem to be?

A ray of light passes from air into water,striking the surface of the water with an angle of incidence of 45º.Which of the following four quantities change as the light enters the water: (1) wavelength,(2) frequency,(3) speed of propagation,and (4) direction of propagation?

A glass block with index of refraction 1.50 is immersed in water whose index of refraction is 1.33.The critical angle at the glass-water interface is

The speed of ultraviolet radiation in free space compared with the speed of visible radiation in free space is

A light wave traveling at speed v₁ in medium 1 passes into medium 2 where its speed is v₂.By which of the following equations is the frequency f₁ of the wave in medium 1 related to its frequency f₂ in medium 2? ( $\theta$ ₁ and $\theta$ ₂ are the angles of incidence and refraction.)

Ultra fast pulse lasers can emit pulses of the order 10 fs.The length of each pulse that is 10 fs long is

The speed of yellow sodium light in a certain liquid is 1.92 $\times$ 10⁸ m/s.With respect to air,the index of refraction of this liquid for sodium light is approximately

Light is incident on a piece of glass in air at an angle of 37.0º from the normal.If the index of refraction of the glass is 1.50,the angle that the refracted ray makes with the normal is approximately

Which of the following statements is true about the speeds of the various colors of light in glass?

You are trying to catch fish by using a spear.You observe a large fish a couple of meters in front of you and a meter below the water surface.In order to hit the fish with your spear you must aim (assume that the fish is stationary and does not swim away in fright)

Light traveling in a transparent medium with an index of refraction n₁ is incident on a transparent boundary with a second transparent medium with an index n₂.Very little light is transmitted into the second medium.Which of the following statements must be true?

Use the following figure for the next problem. -An object leaves point A and travels in a straight line to point B via path b.In region I,the speed is 100 m/s while in region II,the speed is 71 m/s.How long does it take for the object to go from A to B?

Communications satellites are usually placed in geosynchronous orbits,a distance of 4.43 $\times$ 10⁷ m from the center of Earth.What is the time lag for a signal sent from one point on Earth's surface to another via such a satellite? (The radius of Earth R_E = 6.370 $\times$ 10⁶ m.)

Use the following figure for the next problem. -An object leaves point A and travels to point B via path a.In region I,the speed is 100 m/s while in region II,the speed is 71 m/s.How long does it take for the object to go from A to B?

Mission Control sends a brief wake-up call to astronauts in a distant spaceship.Five seconds after the call is sent,Mission Control hears the waking groans of the astronauts.How far away (at most) from Earth is the spaceship?

As light passes from one medium into another,the angle of refraction is ___ in the medium with the _ index of refraction and ___ speed of light.

You see a fish in water at an apparent depth of 1.83 m.The actual depth of the fish,if the index of refraction of the water relative to air is 4/3,must be

It has been suggested that a fundamental physical unit of time is the time required for light to traverse the diameter of the nucleus of an atom (approximately 3 $\times$ 10^-13 m) .This unit of time is approximately

Quiz 31: Properties of Light

Light that has been traveling in a medium with an index of refraction n2 is incident on the boundary surface of another medium with an index of refraction n1.Given a sufficient angle of incidence,which of the following conditions must be satisfied for total internal reflection to occur?

Ultra fast pulse lasers can emit pulses of the order 10 fs.If each pulse that is 10 fs long and the wavelength of the laser is 500 nm,the number of wavelengths in each pulse is

From directly above,you're watching a fish swim 1.83 m beneath the surface of a clear lake (n = 1.33) .How far beneath the surface does the fish seem to be?

A ray of light passes from air into water,striking the surface of the water with an angle of incidence of 45º.Which of the following four quantities change as the light enters the water: (1) wavelength,(2) frequency,(3) speed of propagation,and (4) direction of propagation?

A glass block with index of refraction 1.50 is immersed in water whose index of refraction is 1.33.The critical angle at the glass-water interface is

The speed of ultraviolet radiation in free space compared with the speed of visible radiation in free space is

A light wave traveling at speed v1 in medium 1 passes into medium 2 where its speed is v2.By which of the following equations is the frequency f1 of the wave in medium 1 related to its frequency f2 in medium 2? ( θ\thetaθ 1 and θ\thetaθ 2 are the angles of incidence and refraction.)

Ultra fast pulse lasers can emit pulses of the order 10 fs.The length of each pulse that is 10 fs long is

The speed of yellow sodium light in a certain liquid is 1.92 ×\times× 108 m/s.With respect to air,the index of refraction of this liquid for sodium light is approximately

Light is incident on a piece of glass in air at an angle of 37.0º from the normal.If the index of refraction of the glass is 1.50,the angle that the refracted ray makes with the normal is approximately

Which of the following statements is true about the speeds of the various colors of light in glass?

You are trying to catch fish by using a spear.You observe a large fish a couple of meters in front of you and a meter below the water surface.In order to hit the fish with your spear you must aim (assume that the fish is stationary and does not swim away in fright)

Light traveling in a transparent medium with an index of refraction n1 is incident on a transparent boundary with a second transparent medium with an index n2.Very little light is transmitted into the second medium.Which of the following statements must be true?

Use the following figure for the next problem. -An object leaves point A and travels in a straight line to point B via path b.In region I,the speed is 100 m/s while in region II,the speed is 71 m/s.How long does it take for the object to go from A to B?

Communications satellites are usually placed in geosynchronous orbits,a distance of 4.43 ×\times× 107 m from the center of Earth.What is the time lag for a signal sent from one point on Earth's surface to another via such a satellite? (The radius of Earth RE = 6.370 ×\times× 106 m.)

Use the following figure for the next problem. -An object leaves point A and travels to point B via path a.In region I,the speed is 100 m/s while in region II,the speed is 71 m/s.How long does it take for the object to go from A to B?

Mission Control sends a brief wake-up call to astronauts in a distant spaceship.Five seconds after the call is sent,Mission Control hears the waking groans of the astronauts.How far away (at most) from Earth is the spaceship?

As light passes from one medium into another,the angle of refraction is _____ in the medium with the _____ index of refraction and _____ speed of light.

You see a fish in water at an apparent depth of 1.83 m.The actual depth of the fish,if the index of refraction of the water relative to air is 4/3,must be

It has been suggested that a fundamental physical unit of time is the time required for light to traverse the diameter of the nucleus of an atom (approximately 3 ×\times× 10-13 m) .This unit of time is approximately

Light that has been traveling in a medium with an index of refraction n₂ is incident on the boundary surface of another medium with an index of refraction n₁.Given a sufficient angle of incidence,which of the following conditions must be satisfied for total internal reflection to occur?

A light wave traveling at speed v₁ in medium 1 passes into medium 2 where its speed is v₂.By which of the following equations is the frequency f₁ of the wave in medium 1 related to its frequency f₂ in medium 2? ( $\theta$ ₁ and $\theta$ ₂ are the angles of incidence and refraction.)

The speed of yellow sodium light in a certain liquid is 1.92 $\times$ 10⁸ m/s.With respect to air,the index of refraction of this liquid for sodium light is approximately

Light traveling in a transparent medium with an index of refraction n₁ is incident on a transparent boundary with a second transparent medium with an index n₂.Very little light is transmitted into the second medium.Which of the following statements must be true?

Communications satellites are usually placed in geosynchronous orbits,a distance of 4.43 $\times$ 10⁷ m from the center of Earth.What is the time lag for a signal sent from one point on Earth's surface to another via such a satellite? (The radius of Earth R_E = 6.370 $\times$ 10⁶ m.)

As light passes from one medium into another,the angle of refraction is ___ in the medium with the _ index of refraction and ___ speed of light.

It has been suggested that a fundamental physical unit of time is the time required for light to traverse the diameter of the nucleus of an atom (approximately 3 $\times$ 10^-13 m) .This unit of time is approximately