Question 1

Characteristic x-rays are the result of:

Accepted Answer

Characteristic x-rays are emitted when an inner shell electron is ionized and an outer shell electron fills the vacancy, releasing energy in the form of an x-ray. This is known as an inner electron transition.

Question 2

Which of the following demonstrated the relation between the atomic number of a given element and the wavelength of the K-alpha x-ray photon emitted by that element?

Accepted Answer

Moseley's law demonstrated a relationship between the atomic number of an element and the wavelength of the K-alpha x-ray photon emitted by that element through his work on X-ray spectra.

Question 3

The restriction that no more than one electron may occupy a given quantum state in an atom was first stated by which of the following scientists?

Accepted Answer

This is known as the Pauli Exclusion Principle, named after Wolfgang Pauli.

Question 4

The quantum number that can have only two possible values is the:

Accepted Answer

The spin magnetic quantum number refers to the spin orientation of an electron in an orbital and can only have two possible values: +1/2 or -1/2. The other quantum numbers listed (principal, orbital, and orbital magnetic) can have multiple possible values.

Question 5

The quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom suggests a visual picture of the electron as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The quantum mechanical model suggests that the exact location of the electron cannot be determined. Instead, it is described by a probability distribution or "cloud" in which the electron is most likely to be found. Option A, C, and D are incorrect as they don't describe the quantum mechanical model of the electron.

Question 6

The x-rays that occur when a high energy electron beam is incident on a metal target will show what type of spectrum?

Accepted Answer

When a high energy electron beam is incident on a metal target, it produces both a continuous spectrum and a line spectrum. The continuous spectrum is caused by bremsstrahlung radiation and the line spectrum is caused by characteristic X-rays emitted when electrons from the beam knock out inner shell electrons of the metal atoms, causing outer shell electrons to fill the vacancies and emit energy in the form of X-rays. Therefore, the best choice is C, a continuous spectrum superimposed with a line spectrum.

Question 7

The quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom requires that if the orbital quantum number = 5,there are permitted how many possible substates?

Accepted Answer

The orbital quantum number (l) determines the shape of the orbital. For l = 5, there are 5 possible substates, corresponding to the magnetic quantum number (ml) values of -5, -4, -3, -2, and -1.

Question 8

In a plot of probability of finding the electron in the hydrogen ground state versus the distance from the nucleus,the maximum occurs:

Accepted Answer

The probability of finding the electron in the hydrogen ground state follows the equation $\psi(r)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi a_0^3}}e^{-r/a_0}$. Plotting this equation shows a maximum at $r=a_0$, which is the first Bohr radius. Therefore, the answer is A.

Question 9

The quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom requires that if the orbital quantum number = 7,there will be how many permitted orbital magnetic quantum numbers allowed?

Accepted Answer

The magnetic quantum number (m_l) can take values from -l to +l, including zero. If the orbital quantum number (l) is 7, then m_l can be -7, -6, -5, ..., 0, ..., +5, +6, +7, which gives a total of 15 possible values.

Question 10

If the energy for the ground state level (n = 1)of hydrogen is -13.6 eV,which of the following gives an approximate value for the energy of an electron of the K shell (n = 1)of the element oxygen for which the atomic number = 8?

Accepted Answer

The energy of an electron in the K shell (n=1) for an element is given by the formula E = -13.6 * Z^2 eV, where Z is the atomic number. For oxygen, Z = 8, so E = -13.6 * 8^2 = -870.4 eV. The closest approximate value given is -666 eV.

Question 11

When a hydrogen atom absorbs a photon that raises it to the n = 4 state,how many different energies are possible for the photon(s)that may be emitted as the atom eventually returns to the ground state?

Accepted Answer

For an electron in the n = 4 state of hydrogen atom, there are five possible transitions to lower energy levels (n = 3, 2, 1, and two transitions to the n = 3 state). Each of these transitions can be accompanied by the emission of a photon with a different energy, given by the difference in energy levels E_n = -R_H/n^2, where R_H is the Rydberg constant. Therefore, there are five different energies for the photons that may be emitted.

Question 12

If the principal quantum number for hydrogen is 5,which one of the following is not a permitted orbital magnetic quantum number for that atom?

Accepted Answer

The allowed magnetic quantum number, m, ranges from -l to +l, where l is the orbital angular momentum quantum number, and in this case l=5. Therefore, the possible values of m are -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Choice A, 6, is not part of this range, and therefore is not an allowed orbital magnetic quantum number for hydrogen.

Question 13

The quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom requires that if the principal quantum number = 4,there will be permitted how many orbital magnetic quantum numbers?

Accepted Answer

For a given principal quantum number n=4, the possible values of the azimuthal quantum number l are 0, 1, 2, and 3. Each l value has (2l+1) possible magnetic quantum numbers (ml). Adding them: 1 (for l=0) + 3 (for l=1) + 5 (for l=2) + 7 (for l=3) = 16. However, the question asks for the number of distinct ml values, which is 7 for l=3, the highest l value.

Question 14

Imagine that an electron had a spin of 5/2 so that its spin quantum number,m_s,could have the following six values: m_s = +5/2,+3/2,+1/2,-1/2,-3/2,and -5/2.If this were true,the first element with a filled shell would be:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that an electron had a spin...

Question 15

In an x-ray machine,electrons are accelerated and then fired so that they are incident on a metal target.Which part of the process produces the characteristic x-ray spectra?

Accepted Answer

When an incident electron knocks an electron out of an inner shell of a metal atom, a vacancy is created in that energy level. When an electron from a higher energy level fills the vacancy, it releases energy in the form of characteristic x-rays. The energy of the x-rays is determined by the energy difference between the two levels involved in the transition, which is unique to each element and gives rise to characteristic x-ray spectra.

Question 16

If a target element with atomic number Z used in the production of x-rays is replaced by another element for which the atomic number = 3Z,by what factor is the wavelength of the K-alpha x-ray line changed?

Accepted Answer

The wavelength of the K-alpha x-ray line is inversely proportional to the square of the atomic number (Z) of the target element. If the atomic number is increased to 3Z, the wavelength becomes (1/(3Z)^2) = 1/9 of the original wavelength.

Question 17

The ground state electronic configuration for aluminum is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹.In which shell is the last (3p¹)electron?

Accepted Answer

The last electron is in the 3p orbital, which is in the M shell.

Question 18

The ground state electronic configuration for aluminum is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹.What is the orbital quantum number of the last (3p¹)electron?

Accepted Answer

The orbital quantum number (azimuthal quantum number, l) for a p orbital is 1.

Question 19

How many electrons are in bromine's (atomic number 35)next to outer shell (n = 3)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many electrons are in bromine's (atomic...

Question 20

The quantity ________,where Ø is the wave function,represents the probability per unit volume of finding an electron in that volume.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The quantity ________,where Ø is the wave...

Quiz 28: Atomic Physics

Characteristic x-rays are the result of:

Which of the following demonstrated the relation between the atomic number of a given element and the wavelength of the K-alpha x-ray photon emitted by that element?

The restriction that no more than one electron may occupy a given quantum state in an atom was first stated by which of the following scientists?

The quantum number that can have only two possible values is the:

The quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom suggests a visual picture of the electron as which of the following?

The x-rays that occur when a high energy electron beam is incident on a metal target will show what type of spectrum?

The quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom requires that if the orbital quantum number = 5,there are permitted how many possible substates?

In a plot of probability of finding the electron in the hydrogen ground state versus the distance from the nucleus,the maximum occurs:

The quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom requires that if the orbital quantum number = 7,there will be how many permitted orbital magnetic quantum numbers allowed?

If the energy for the ground state level (n = 1) of hydrogen is -13.6 eV,which of the following gives an approximate value for the energy of an electron of the K shell (n = 1) of the element oxygen for which the atomic number = 8?

When a hydrogen atom absorbs a photon that raises it to the n = 4 state,how many different energies are possible for the photon(s) that may be emitted as the atom eventually returns to the ground state?

If the principal quantum number for hydrogen is 5,which one of the following is not a permitted orbital magnetic quantum number for that atom?

The quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom requires that if the principal quantum number = 4,there will be permitted how many orbital magnetic quantum numbers?

Imagine that an electron had a spin of 5/2 so that its spin quantum number,m_s,could have the following six values: m_s = +5/2,+3/2,+1/2,-1/2,-3/2,and -5/2.If this were true,the first element with a filled shell would be:

In an x-ray machine,electrons are accelerated and then fired so that they are incident on a metal target.Which part of the process produces the characteristic x-ray spectra?

If a target element with atomic number Z used in the production of x-rays is replaced by another element for which the atomic number = 3Z,by what factor is the wavelength of the K-alpha x-ray line changed?

The ground state electronic configuration for aluminum is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹.In which shell is the last (3p¹) electron?

The ground state electronic configuration for aluminum is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹.What is the orbital quantum number of the last (3p¹) electron?

How many electrons are in bromine's (atomic number 35) next to outer shell (n = 3) ?

The quantity ________,where Ø is the wave function,represents the probability per unit volume of finding an electron in that volume.

Quiz 28: Atomic Physics

Characteristic x-rays are the result of:

Which of the following demonstrated the relation between the atomic number of a given element and the wavelength of the K-alpha x-ray photon emitted by that element?

The restriction that no more than one electron may occupy a given quantum state in an atom was first stated by which of the following scientists?

The quantum number that can have only two possible values is the:

The quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom suggests a visual picture of the electron as which of the following?

The x-rays that occur when a high energy electron beam is incident on a metal target will show what type of spectrum?

The quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom requires that if the orbital quantum number = 5,there are permitted how many possible substates?

In a plot of probability of finding the electron in the hydrogen ground state versus the distance from the nucleus,the maximum occurs:

The quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom requires that if the orbital quantum number = 7,there will be how many permitted orbital magnetic quantum numbers allowed?

If the energy for the ground state level (n = 1) of hydrogen is -13.6 eV,which of the following gives an approximate value for the energy of an electron of the K shell (n = 1) of the element oxygen for which the atomic number = 8?

When a hydrogen atom absorbs a photon that raises it to the n = 4 state,how many different energies are possible for the photon(s) that may be emitted as the atom eventually returns to the ground state?

If the principal quantum number for hydrogen is 5,which one of the following is not a permitted orbital magnetic quantum number for that atom?

The quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom requires that if the principal quantum number = 4,there will be permitted how many orbital magnetic quantum numbers?

Imagine that an electron had a spin of 5/2 so that its spin quantum number,ms,could have the following six values: ms = +5/2,+3/2,+1/2,-1/2,-3/2,and -5/2.If this were true,the first element with a filled shell would be:

In an x-ray machine,electrons are accelerated and then fired so that they are incident on a metal target.Which part of the process produces the characteristic x-ray spectra?

If a target element with atomic number Z used in the production of x-rays is replaced by another element for which the atomic number = 3Z,by what factor is the wavelength of the K-alpha x-ray line changed?

The ground state electronic configuration for aluminum is 1s22s22p63s23p1.In which shell is the last (3p1) electron?

The ground state electronic configuration for aluminum is 1s22s22p63s23p1.What is the orbital quantum number of the last (3p1) electron?

How many electrons are in bromine's (atomic number 35) next to outer shell (n = 3) ?

The quantity ________,where Ø is the wave function,represents the probability per unit volume of finding an electron in that volume.

Imagine that an electron had a spin of 5/2 so that its spin quantum number,m_s,could have the following six values: m_s = +5/2,+3/2,+1/2,-1/2,-3/2,and -5/2.If this were true,the first element with a filled shell would be:

The ground state electronic configuration for aluminum is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹.In which shell is the last (3p¹) electron?

The ground state electronic configuration for aluminum is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹.What is the orbital quantum number of the last (3p¹) electron?