Question 1

Sketch the hydrated ions that form when KCl dissolves in water.Show the inner hydration sphere only.

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Question 2

Why do the strengths of dispersion interactions generally increase with the molar mass of the compound?

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Question 3

Many substances are quite soluble in water.Identify the dominant intermolecular force between water and the following solutes: (a)MgCl₂; (b)NH₂OH; (c)O₂; and (d)CH₃Cl.Which intermolecular force is probably the strongest?

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Question 4

Arrange the following in order of increasing boiling point: (a)dimethyl ether; (b)n-propane; (c)ethylene oxide; and (d)acetaldehyde (shown in order).
a.  
b.  
c.  
d.

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Question 5

Difluoromethane (CH₂F₂)has a dipole moment of 1.93 D and a boiling point of -52°C.Dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂)has a dipole moment of 1.60 D and a boiling point of 40°C.Why is the boiling point of dichloromethane so much higher than that of difluoromethane?

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Question 6

The boiling points of group IVA hydrides increases in the order,CH₄ < SiH₄ < GeH₄ < SnH₄.Which molecule experiences the strongest attractive forces and why?

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Question 7

For each of the following pairs of compounds,identify the one that is more likely to be soluble in water.Explain the rationale for your choice. a.Br₂ or NaBr b.CH₃CH₂OH or CH₃OCH₃ c.CO₂ or KOH

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Question 8

Briefly explain the following observations using intermolecular forces to justify your answers. a.Butane,C₄H₁₀,and acetone,CH₃COCH₃,have the same molar mass but their boiling points are -1°C and 56°C,respectively. b.HF boils at 19°C while HCl boils at -85°C. c.CF₄ boils at -128°C while SiF₄ boils at -86°C.

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Question 9

For each of the following pairs of compounds,identify the one that is more likely to be soluble in water.Explain the rationale for your choice. a.CCl₄ or CHCl₃ b.CH₃OH or C₅H₁₁OH c.KBr or MgO

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Question 10

Arrange the first four halogens in order of increasing boiling point.

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Question 11

Describe the similarity and the difference between sublimation and evaporation.

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Question 12

Explain why the boiling point of nitrogen (N₂,77 K)is much lower than that of carbon monoxide (CO,84 K)even though both have the same number of electrons and protons and nearly the same mass.

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Question 13

For the following organic molecules,arrange them in order of increasing intermolecular forces and give your reasoning.
a.  
b.  
c.

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Question 14

Why does HI boil at a higher temperature than HBr even though the dipole moment of HBr (0.82 D)is larger than that of HI (0.38 D)?

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Question 15

Which of the following ions would you predict experiences the strongest ion-dipole forces in water: Na⁺,K⁺,Mg²⁺,Ca²⁺,Br¯,or I ¯? State your reasoning.

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Question 16

Indicate whether the following pairs of molecules can interact via hydrogen bonding and give your reasoning. (a)CH₃NH₂ to CH₃NH₂; (b)CH₃CH₂OH to CH₃OCH₃; (c)CH₃CH₂CHO to CH₃OCH₃; and (d)(CH₃)₃N to CH₃COCH₃.

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Question 17

Identify the dominant intermolecular interaction or interactions that must be overcome when solid carbon dioxide (CO₂)sublimes,when water (H₂O)melts,and when acetone (CH₃COCH₃)evaporates.

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Question 18

Arrange the following in order of increasing boiling point: Xe,Ar,Ne,F₂,and Br₂.

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Question 19

What structural characteristics must a molecule have in order to hydrogen bond?

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Question 20

Draw the Lewis structure of the following compounds.Give the dominant type of intermolecular force. a.HCN; b.SF₆; c.OF₂; d.NH₂OH

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Quiz 6: Intermolecular Forces-Attractions Between Particles

Sketch the hydrated ions that form when KCl dissolves in water.Show the inner hydration sphere only.

Why do the strengths of dispersion interactions generally increase with the molar mass of the compound?

Many substances are quite soluble in water.Identify the dominant intermolecular force between water and the following solutes: (a)MgCl2; (b)NH2OH; (c)O2; and (d)CH3Cl.Which intermolecular force is probably the strongest?

Arrange the following in order of increasing boiling point: (a)dimethyl ether; (b)n-propane; (c)ethylene oxide; and (d)acetaldehyde (shown in order). a. b. c. d.

Difluoromethane (CH2F2)has a dipole moment of 1.93 D and a boiling point of -52°C.Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2)has a dipole moment of 1.60 D and a boiling point of 40°C.Why is the boiling point of dichloromethane so much higher than that of difluoromethane?

The boiling points of group IVA hydrides increases in the order,CH4 < SiH4 < GeH4 < SnH4.Which molecule experiences the strongest attractive forces and why?

For each of the following pairs of compounds,identify the one that is more likely to be soluble in water.Explain the rationale for your choice. a.Br2 or NaBr b.CH3CH2OH or CH3OCH3 c.CO2 or KOH

For each of the following pairs of compounds,identify the one that is more likely to be soluble in water.Explain the rationale for your choice. a.CCl4 or CHCl3 b.CH3OH or C5H11OH c.KBr or MgO

Arrange the first four halogens in order of increasing boiling point.

Describe the similarity and the difference between sublimation and evaporation.

Explain why the boiling point of nitrogen (N2,77 K)is much lower than that of carbon monoxide (CO,84 K)even though both have the same number of electrons and protons and nearly the same mass.

For the following organic molecules,arrange them in order of increasing intermolecular forces and give your reasoning. a. b. c.