Question 1

What is occurring when a baby's babbles and coos are followed by the caregiver vocalizing, which is then followed by the baby vocalizing again?

Accepted Answer

This interaction is known as pseudodialogue, where the caregiver and baby take turns vocalizing, resembling a conversation.

Question 2

What is the correct stage sequence of sound production?

Accepted Answer

Crying typically occurs in newborns, followed by cooing and then babbling. As infants develop more control over their vocalizations, they begin to produce patterned speech. This sequence is consistent with the development of language in infants. Option A is incorrect because expansions are typically a type of advanced babbling and would occur after the initial stages of vocalizing and babbling. Option B is incorrect because it includes "receptive" as a stage, which is not related to sound production. Option D is incorrect because it suggests that vocalizing comes after crying, whereas vocalizing would typically start before or around the same time as cooing.

Question 3

When parents talk to young children, they frequently speak more slowly, in higher-pitched voices, enunciate more clearly, and end their sentences with rising intonation. These are all examples of

Accepted Answer

The characteristics described are all related to simplified speech, which is commonly used by adults when speaking to young children. It involves speaking more slowly, using higher-pitched voices, and enunciating more clearly, as well as using simpler vocabulary and sentence structures. Nonverbal games, phonemic awareness, and voice decoding are not relevant to the characteristics described.

Question 4

During their first year, infants are able to

Accepted Answer

Infants are capable of all of these skills during their first year of life. They are able to detect words in ongoing speech and recognize the consistency of speech sounds. Additionally, they are able to detect new words in unfamiliar artificial languages.

Question 5

The changes in infant babbling are believed to result from maturation of the brain areas responsible for articulation, maturation of the vocal structures, and

Accepted Answer

The answer of The changes in infant babbling are believed...

Question 6

Many language abilities are rapidly developed throughout infancy. An infant can actively produce sounds, though not always language, beginning at

Accepted Answer

Infants are born with the ability to produce sounds and are already processing language from the moment they are born. They begin to develop their own communicative abilities through babbling and imitating the sounds they hear around them.

Question 7

Eileen loves her new baby Cody very much and frequently talks to him throughout the day, saying things like "Drink your baba" and "Get your banky for night night." This form of communication using simplified speech with a baby is a part of a language

Accepted Answer

This form of simplified speech is known as "infant-directed speech" or "motherese," which falls under the broader category of a language support system. It is designed to aid infants in language learning by using simpler words, higher pitch, and exaggerated intonations, making it easier for them to discern linguistic structures and meanings.

Question 8

Lauren asks her mother, "My kitty?" and her mother replies, "Where is your kitty? I don't know where your kitty is, Lauren, let's go look for her." This rephrasing of a child's question in proper grammatical form is known as

Accepted Answer

The rephrasing of a child's question in proper grammatical form is known as recasting.

Question 9

Children can use nonverbal actions to intentionally direct and control other people. One such form of pre-verbal communication where a child gets another person to do something by pointing, reaching, or making sounds at the same time is known as

Accepted Answer

The described communication method of getting another person to do something by pointing, reaching, or making sounds at the same time is a protoimperative. A protodeclarative is a pre-verbal communication where a child draws attention to an object or event to share interest or enjoyment with another person. Redundancy refers to using repetition in language to ensure comprehension. Gesticulation refers to hand gestures used to emphasize or express emotion while speaking.

Question 10

In the interactionist view of language development, children are seen as

Accepted Answer

The interactionist view of language development emphasizes that children play an active role in language acquisition. This view suggests that children interact with their environment, particularly their parents, to learn language. Children actively seek out opportunities for language learning, such as imitating words that they hear or using language to communicate their needs and interests. This view contrasts with more passive views of language development, which suggest that children simply absorb language from their environment without actively participating in the learning process.

Question 11

Cross-cultural studies indicate that what is critical to language development is

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural studies indicate that social interaction plays a critical role in language development. Children need to engage in conversations and interactions with others to learn language and develop their communication skills. This is supported by research on children raised in isolated environments, who may not develop language skills without social interaction. Motor development and language rehearsal are important, but they are not as critical as social interaction for language development. Language expansion is also important, but it is not the key factor in language development - children first need to develop a foundation of basic language skills through social interaction before they can expand their vocabulary and syntax.

Question 12

According to Jerome Bruner, the environment provides the language-learning child with a language acquisition support system. Which of the following would be one example of this system?

Accepted Answer

According to Bruner, language acquisition is supported by social interactions in which parents and children engage in conversations about objects, events, and experiences in their environment. Therefore, parent-child discussions of objects and events provide the language-learning child with a language acquisition support system. The other options are not directly related to Bruner's theory of language acquisition.

Question 13

An infant's first word typically appears around

Accepted Answer

The average range for an infant's first word is between 9-14 months, with most infants saying their first word around 10-11 months. Therefore, the best choice is B) 10 months.

Question 14

Bonnie and her baby Sonya are playing and communicating in the park. Sonya asks, "Me slide?" and Bonnie says, "Yes, you can go down the slide." Bonnie has just used which technique by adding to Sonya's question in her reply?

Accepted Answer

Bonnie has used the expansion technique by adding more information to Sonya's short sentence. She has given Sonya a more complete sentence to use in future interactions.

Question 15

Which aspect of language develops first?

Accepted Answer

Receptive language, which is the ability to understand words and language, typically develops before expressive language, which is the ability to produce words and communicate with language.

Question 16

Vygotsky's emphasis on social context best fits into which theory of language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's emphasis on the social context of language acquisition aligns with the interactionist theory, which emphasizes the role of both innate abilities and social interaction in language development. Nativist theory emphasizes innate language abilities, while the passive and learning theories suggest that language acquisition occurs through exposure and processing of language input without significant social interaction.

Question 17

Abigail is playing with her stuffed animals when her aunt enters the room. She holds up her favorite animal, a stuffed dog, for her aunt to see. Her behavior is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

Abigail's holding up her favorite stuffed dog to show her aunt is a protodeclarative, which is when a child uses gestures to direct an adult's attention to an object of interest or to share enjoyment.

Question 18

Frederick impatiently pulls at his father's pant leg because he wants some juice. He points to the refrigerator when his father looks at him. His gesturing is an example of a

Accepted Answer

Protoimperatives are gestures and vocalizations that children use to get another person to do something for them, like pointing to the refrigerator to request juice.

Question 19

Research on categorical speech perception suggests

Accepted Answer

Research on categorical speech perception suggests that speech perception may be a function of the aural system. This means that our ability to perceive and categorize speech sounds is tied to the way our ears and brain process sound information. It is not necessarily dependent on innate mechanisms or early exposure to language. This finding has important implications for understanding how we learn and process language.

Question 20

Who is more likely to use the expansion technique?

Accepted Answer

Middle-class parents are more likely to use the expansion technique, which involves taking a child's speech and expanding it to a more complex form, to facilitate language development and model more advanced structures.

Quiz 7: Language and Communication