Question 1

Intense prejudice can almost always be traced to the fact that different groups are competing for the same physical or economic resources.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice can arise from various factors, including social, psychological, and cultural influences, not just competition for resources.

Question 2

After a fierce rivalry developed between the two groups of boys, psychologist Muzafer Sherif found that simply having the two groups of boys spend time together in peaceful situations, such as eating together in the dining hall, greatly reduced the intergroup tension.

Accepted Answer

Sherif's Robbers Cave experiment showed that mere contact was not enough to reduce intergroup tension; cooperative activities with shared goals were necessary to reduce hostility.

Question 3

When prejudice is displayed emotionally, the emotions can be intensely negative.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice often involves strong negative emotions like anger, fear, and hatred directed toward individuals or groups based on their perceived characteristics or identity.

Question 4

In the Robbers Cave experiment conducted by psychologist Muzafer Sherif and his co-researchers, the participants were prison inmates who had been convicted of armed robbery.

Accepted Answer

The participants in the Robbers Cave experiment were actually 22 young boys who were not prisoners but rather from middle-class backgrounds.

Question 5

In the Robbers Cave experiment, the researchers created rivalry by having the two groups compete against each other in a series of games.

Accepted Answer

The researchers in the Robbers Cave experiment did create rivalry by having the two groups compete against each other in a series of games.

Question 6

Muzafer Sherif is the social psychologist who is best known for his Robbers Cave experiments, which he designed to study prejudice, conflict resolution, and group processes.

Accepted Answer

Muzafer Sherif is indeed best known for his Robbers Cave experiments.

Question 7

People are often prejudiced against groups that are perceived as threatening their in-group's norms and values.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as "out-group derogation" and occurs when individuals perceive that members of another group pose a threat to their own group's culture, beliefs, and values. As a result, they may develop negative attitudes and stereotypes towards the out-group.

Question 8

The in-group bias effect refers to the tendency to judge the behavior of in-group members favorably and the behavior of out-group members unfavorably.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects the definition of in-group bias.

Question 9

The Robbers Cave experiments by psychologist Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues demonstrated how hostility between groups could be created and, more important, how that hostility could be overcome.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects the purpose and findings of the Robbers Cave experiments.

Question 10

The most widely used test to measure implicit attitudes and preferences is the Implicit Association Test, developed by psychologist Anthony Greenwald and his colleagues.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is one of the most commonly used measures of implicit attitudes and preferences in psychology research. It was developed by Anthony Greenwald and his colleagues in the late 1990s.

Question 11

In their experimental study of intergroup conflict, psychologist Muzafer Sherif and his co-researchers assigned the highly aggressive boys to one group, the Eagles, and the less aggressive boys to another group, the Rattlers, and then pitted them against each other in a series of competitive games.

Accepted Answer

Sherif's Robbers Cave Experiment randomly assigned boys to the Eagles and Rattlers groups without considering their aggression levels, to study intergroup conflict and cooperation.

Question 12

Behaviorally, prejudice can be displayed in the form of discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination is a behavioral manifestation of prejudice where a person or group is treated differently or unfairly based on their perceived membership in a certain social group.

Question 13

There were no intrinsic differences between the groups of boys in psychologist Muzafer Sherif's Robbers Cave experiments. Rather than being racially or ethnically diverse, the boys were all white, middle class, Protestant, and psychologically well adjusted.

Accepted Answer

The Robbers Cave experiment was designed to study intergroup conflict and cooperation, and the participants were deliberately selected to be similar in background to control for extraneous variables.

Question 14

Explicit attitudes are evaluations that are automatic, unintentional, difficult to control, and are sometimes, but not always, unconscious.

Accepted Answer

Explicit attitudes are deliberate, conscious evaluations that individuals are aware of and can control. They are the opposite of implicit attitudes, which are automatic and unconscious.

Question 15

Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others and to the related tendency to use one's own culture as a standard by which to judge other cultures.

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism is indeed the belief in one's own culture's superiority and the tendency to use it as a standard to judge other cultures.

Question 16

The Implicit Association Test is a computer-based test that measures the degree to which you associate particular groups of people with specific characteristics or attributes, and it is based on the assumption that people can sort images and words more easily when concepts seem to match, or go together.

Accepted Answer

The Implicit Association Test is indeed a computer-based test that measures associations between groups of people and specific attributes, based on the assumption that people sort images and words more easily when concepts match.

Question 17

The Implicit Association Test has been criticized because the ease with which people make certain associations may reflect familiarity with cultural stereotypes rather than personal bias or prejudice.

Accepted Answer

The criticism mentioned in the statement is true and has been acknowledged by the creators of the Implicit Association Test. Here, familiarity with cultural stereotypes could influence the results of the test, making it difficult to attribute the observed associations to personal bias or prejudice.

Question 18

The children exposed to the jigsaw classroom technique had higher self-esteem, engaged in less negative stereotyping and prejudice, and had a greater liking for children of other ethnic groups than children in traditional classrooms.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the jigsaw classroom technique can lead to these positive outcomes for students.

Question 19

The jigsaw classroom technique is a teaching technique that stresses competitive, rather than cooperative, learning situations.

Accepted Answer

The jigsaw classroom technique is a teaching technique that stresses cooperative learning situations, where students work together in groups to complete a task or project. It aims to foster teamwork, communication, and problem-solving skills.

Question 20

The jigsaw classroom technique is a teaching technique that brings together students in small, ethnically diverse groups to work together on a project.

Accepted Answer

The jigsaw classroom technique is a real teaching technique that involves small, ethnically diverse groups of students working together on a project.

Quiz 11: Social Psychology