Question 1

Dr. Luanda is being trained to treat his clients by encouraging them to empirically test the accuracy of their beliefs and assumptions. Dr. Luanda is being trained in:

Accepted Answer

The description provided in the question matches the principles of cognitive therapy, which involves identifying and challenging a client's irrational beliefs and replacing them with more realistic and helpful ones through empirical testing. Short-term dynamic therapy focuses on exploring interpersonal conflicts and early childhood experiences, while rational-emotive therapy directly confronts irrational beliefs without the use of empirical testing. Client-centered therapy emphasizes empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness in the therapeutic relationship.

Question 2

Dr. Burrhus said to his new patient, "I don't want to talk about your miserable childhood or how neglected you felt as a teenager. I'm going to help you overcome your compulsive eating problem. First, we're going to determine exactly when and how much you eat." Dr. Burrhus is most likely:

Accepted Answer

Dr. Burrhus's focus on identifying behavior patterns and developing strategies to modify them suggests he is a behavior therapist, as opposed to a psychoanalyst or client-centered therapist who may delve more into underlying psychological issues. Eye movement desensitization reprocessing is a specific type of therapy technique and is not mentioned in the scenario as a possible approach.

Question 3

What do systematic desensitization and virtual reality therapy have in common?

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization and virtual reality therapy are based on principles of classical conditioning. Systematic desensitization involves pairing relaxation techniques with gradually increasing exposure to a feared stimulus in order to reduce anxiety. Virtual reality therapy uses computer-generated simulations to expose patients to feared stimuli in a controlled environment, allowing them to practice coping skills and gradually reduce anxiety. Both techniques rely on the principles of classical conditioning, in which a neutral stimulus (such as the relaxation techniques or the virtual reality simulation) is paired with a feared stimulus to create a new association that reduces anxiety.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a technique based on psychoanalysis as developed by Sigmund Freud?

Accepted Answer

Personalization is not a technique based on psychoanalysis as developed by Sigmund Freud. The other techniques, such as free association, interpretation, and transference, are all fundamental components of Freudian psychoanalysis. Personalization may be used in other forms of therapy, but it is not specific to Freud's approach.

Question 5

Dr. Lygoa surgically implants a neurostimulator in the chest of a severely depressed patient and connects it to electrodes implanted in her brain via wires under the skin. This device is programmed to send electrical signals to the brain. This new experimental treatment is called:

Accepted Answer

The described treatment involves the implantation of a neurostimulator in the chest of a patient which is connected to electrodes implanted in her brain via wires under the skin. This treatment is known as deep brain stimulation.

Question 6

According to rational-emotive therapy, psychological problems result from:

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive therapy, also known as REBT, posits that psychological problems are largely caused by irrational beliefs and expectations that people hold about themselves, others, and the world around them. By identifying and challenging these irrational beliefs, the therapist can help the client to develop a more rational and adaptive worldview, ultimately reducing psychological distress. Unlike approaches such as psychoanalysis, REBT does not emphasize unconscious conflicts or developmental stages, nor does it ascribe psychological problems solely to brain chemistry. While childhood experiences may contribute to the development of irrational beliefs, REBT focuses more on present beliefs and the ways in which they contribute to current behavioral and emotional problems.

Question 7

Dr. Castellanos regularly uses free association, dream interpretation, transference, resistance, and interpretation. Dr. Castellanos has been trained in:

Accepted Answer

The techniques of free association, dream interpretation, transference, resistance, and interpretation are all widely used in psychoanalytic therapy. Humanistic therapy, on the other hand, is generally associated with a more client-centered approach, while behavioral therapy focuses on observable behaviors and the use of reinforcement and punishment. Cognitive therapy, meanwhile, is focused on identifying and changing negative thought patterns.

Question 8

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature, catharsis:

Accepted Answer

Catharsis refers to the emotional release that people experience from simply talking about their problems. It can be a helpful aspect of therapy, but it is not necessary for therapy to be successful. Psychotropic medications may also be helpful for some individuals, but they are not required for catharsis to be effective. Transferring troubling emotions and desires to the therapist is actually a defense mechanism known as transference, and is not the same as catharsis.

Question 9

Which of the following techniques is based upon the principles of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Contingency management is a technique based on the principles of operant conditioning, which involves providing rewards or punishments to reinforce or discourage certain behaviors. It is often used in addiction treatment to encourage abstinence and positive behaviors. Virtual reality therapy, counterconditioning, and systematic desensitization are all techniques based on classical conditioning principles.

Question 10

Which of the following therapy techniques are based upon the early research of Mary Cover Jones?

Accepted Answer

Mary Cover Jones is best known for her early work on counterconditioning and systematic desensitization techniques.

Question 11

According to your textbook, which of the following criteria should new therapies meet before being put into widespread use?

Accepted Answer

New therapies should be tested and shown to be effective through empirical research, including randomized controlled trials, and shown to work better than a placebo treatment. Anecdotal evidence, case studies, and testimonials may provide initial support for a therapy, but they should not be the sole basis for its widespread use. While the practitioner-client relationship is important, its subjective nature should not be the primary criterion for the adoption of new therapies. Clients feeling better after treatment may be an important outcome, but it can also be influenced by placebo effects and other factors.

Question 12

The three essential components of client-centered therapy are:

Accepted Answer

The three essential components of client-centered therapy are genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding. These components aim to create a non-judgmental and empathic atmosphere in which clients can develop a deeper sense of self-awareness and acceptance. Transference, interpretation, and resistance are concepts more closely associated with psychoanalytic therapy. Catharsis, dream interpretation, and insight are more aligned with psychodynamic therapy. Reinforcers, consequences, and tokens are related to behavioral therapy.

Question 13

According to _____ and _____, the therapist must demonstrate genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers developed client-centered therapy, which emphasizes the importance of the therapeutic relationship. He believed that the therapist must demonstrate genuineness (also known as congruence), unconditional positive regard (acceptance and nonjudgmental attitude towards the client), and empathic understanding (the ability to understand the client's perspective).

Question 14

According to your textbook, an eclectic psychotherapist is one who:

Accepted Answer

An eclectic psychotherapist is one who carefully tailors his or her treatment program to the particular client's problems, utilizing techniques from different psychotherapy approaches. This approach is sometimes referred to as integrative psychotherapy, where the therapist incorporates a range of theoretical and empirical approaches to best meet the client's individual needs.

Question 15

Which of the following is based upon the assumption that thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors all interact and influence each other?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is based on the assumption that thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors all interact and influence each other. CBT seeks to identify and modify negative thinking patterns and behaviors that may contribute to psychological distress or problems.

Question 16

Melinda wishes to overcome her extreme shyness. Melinda's therapist helps her design a program in which Melinda records every instance of shy behavior, sets specific goals for acting in a more outgoing fashion in particular situations, and rewards herself when she is successful. Melinda's therapist is probably practicing a form of:

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using principles of behavior therapy, specifically by utilizing self-monitoring, goal setting, and positive reinforcement to modify Melinda's shy behavior. Humanistic therapy focuses on the client's self-actualization and growth, psychoanalytic therapy focuses on unconscious conflicts, and cognitive therapy focuses on changing negative thought patterns.

Question 17

Electroconvulsive therapy is to _____ as lithium treatment is to _____.

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy is typically used for major depressive disorder, while lithium treatment is often used for bipolar disorder. Therefore, option D, which pairs these treatments with their respective disorders, is the best answer.

Question 18

By definition, drugs that alter mental functions, alleviate psychological symptoms, and are used to treat psychological or mental disorders are called:

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question specifically describes psychotropic medications. Neuroleptic medications are a specific type of psychotropic medication that are primarily used to treat psychosis. Atypical medications refer to newer generation psychotropic medications that differ in their mechanism of action from traditional psychotropic medications. Pharmacogenetic medications refer to medications that are tailored to an individual's genetic makeup to maximize their effectiveness and minimize side effects.

Question 19

To help Woody conquer his fear of driving, Dr. Furlong develops a treatment plan that includes shaping, positive reinforcement, systematic desensitization, and challenging Woody's irrational beliefs. Dr. Furlong is probably practicing:

Accepted Answer

The use of shaping, positive reinforcement, systematic desensitization, and challenging irrational beliefs are all commonly used techniques in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The goal of CBT is to change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to psychological problems. Virtual reality therapy is a specific type of therapy that uses technology to create simulated environments to treat certain conditions. Short-term dynamic therapy and interpersonal therapy are both forms of psychotherapy that focus on exploring and resolving underlying emotional conflicts and improving social skills, respectively, and are not directly related to the techniques used in Woody's treatment plan.

Question 20

Dr. Medici is a licensed psychiatrist, and Dr. Moran is a licensed clinical psychologist. Although they share their practice, they treat different patients based upon their own area of expertise. Dr. Medici, the psychiatrist, tends to see the patients who are best suited for _____. Dr. Moran, the psychologist, tends to see the patients who are best suited for _____.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Medici, as a psychiatrist, is trained in biomedical therapy (such as prescribing medication) and tends to see patients who require this type of treatment. Dr. Moran, as a clinical psychologist, is trained in psychotherapy and tends to see patients who would benefit more from talk therapy than medication management. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate answer.

Quiz 14: Therapies