Question 1

A therapeutic approach that uses client-centered techniques to help clients overcome mixed feelings about committing to change is:

Accepted Answer

Motivational interviewing is a client-centered approach that helps individuals overcome their mixed feelings about change. It aims to elicit and strengthen the individual's intrinsic motivation and commitment to change by exploring their ambivalence in a non-judgmental and empathetic way. It is often used in substance abuse treatment but can be applied to any area where the individual is ambivalent about change. Contingency management is a behavior therapy technique that uses rewards and consequences to reinforce desired behaviors, while self-help group therapy and interpersonal therapy focus more on social support and improving relationships.

Question 2

Both psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy stress:

Accepted Answer

Both psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy emphasize the importance of gaining insight and increased self-understanding. Both approaches believe that exploring and understanding the underlying motivations and experiences that influence behavior can lead to greater personal growth and self-awareness.

Question 3

One important goal of the therapist in client-centered therapy is to:

Accepted Answer

The goal of client-centered therapy is to create conditions that allow the client to feel safe, heard, and understood, which in turn allows them to direct the focus of therapy. The therapist acts as a supportive and empathic listener, but does not guide or make decisions for the client, uncover unconscious conflicts, or challenge beliefs and values.

Question 4

In client-centered therapy, the therapist:

Accepted Answer

In client-centered therapy, the therapist strives to be nondirective, genuine, and accepting. The focus is on creating a supportive and empathetic environment where the client can explore their feelings and experiences without fear of judgment or criticism. The therapist does not impose their own beliefs or interpretations on the client, but rather encourages them to discover their own insights and solutions.

Question 5

Carl Rogers believed that several qualities of the therapist are critical in producing beneficial changes in client-centered therapy. Which of the following is NOT one of those qualities?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of the therapist displaying genuineness, empathic understanding, and being nondirective. However, creating an atmosphere of conditional acceptance goes against the unconditional positive regard that is a core aspect of client-centered therapy. The therapist should create an atmosphere of unconditional positive regard where the client feels accepted and valued without any conditions.

Question 6

Believing that the term patient implied that people seeking therapy were sick and seeking treatment from an all-knowing authority figure who would heal them, Carl Rogers preferred the term _____ to describe people in therapy.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers preferred the term "client" to describe people in therapy because it conveyed a more equal and collaborative relationship between the therapist and the person seeking therapy, rather than a hierarchical, authoritative relationship implied by the term "patient."

Question 7

Steve's therapist, Dr. Royce, is a client-centered therapist. During therapy sessions, he actively listens to Steve's words and often responds by reflecting back both the content and personal meaning of what Steve seems to be saying. Steve's therapist is:

Accepted Answer

Steve's therapist is demonstrating active listening and reflecting back the content and meaning of Steve's words, which is a key aspect of client-centered therapy. By doing this, he is demonstrating empathic understanding towards Steve's experiences and emotions.

Question 8

Interpersonal therapy was originally developed to treat:

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal therapy was originally developed to treat major depressive disorder.

Question 9

According to Carl Rogers, as therapy progresses and clients become more self-aware, more self-accepting, and less defensive, they will naturally move:

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, the goal of therapy is to facilitate the client's movement toward self-actualization, which involves becoming the best version of oneself and fully realizing one's potential. As clients become more self-aware, self-accepting, and less defensive, they are better able to pursue their goals and fulfill their needs, which can help them achieve self-actualization. Therefore, the natural movement for clients as therapy progresses is toward self-actualization.

Question 10

According to Carl Rogers, therapeutic change in client-centered therapy occurs:

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, therapeutic change in client-centered therapy occurs as the client's views of themselves and the world become less distorted. This happens through the therapist providing an atmosphere of empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence, which enables the client to explore and gain a clearer understanding of their experiences and feelings. As the client becomes more self-aware and accepting of themselves, they can move towards growth and self-actualization.

Question 11

According to Carl Rogers, the client-centered therapist ideally should demonstrate:

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, the client-centered therapist should demonstrate genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding towards their clients. This approach is characterized by a non-directive and non-judgmental stance, where the therapist creates a safe space for the clients to explore their feelings and experiences without imposing their own ideas or values. The therapist's role is to listen actively, reflect back to the client, and help them develop greater self-awareness and insight into their problems. This approach prioritizes the clients' autonomy and self-direction, and views them as the experts of their own lives.

Question 12

Your textbook lists several psychological problems and disorders that have been successfully treated with interpersonal therapy. Which of the following is NOT listed as a psychological problem or disorder that can be successfully treated with interpersonal therapy?

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is not listed as a psychological problem or disorder that can be successfully treated with interpersonal therapy. While interpersonal therapy can be helpful for some symptoms related to schizophrenia (such as depression or social isolation), it is not a primary treatment for schizophrenia itself.

Question 13

______ developed client-centered therapy.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers developed client-centered therapy, which emphasizes the importance of the therapist creating a supportive and accepting environment for the client to explore their issues and develop their own solutions, rather than providing direct advice or interpretation.

Question 14

Confrontation and logical persuasion are to _____ as nondirective, unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding are to _____.

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive therapy uses confrontation and logical persuasion, while client-centered therapy emphasizes nondirective techniques, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.

Question 15

Although they agreed to help him financially, Emmett's parents were nevertheless angry and disappointed with him when he chose to attend the state university instead of going to the same college that his father attended. According to Carl Rogers, Emmett's parents are demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

Emmett's parents are exhibiting conditional acceptance because they are only supporting him financially if he meets their expectation of attending the same college as his father. If he does not meet this expectation, they express anger and disappointment. This shows that their acceptance and support are conditional on Emmett's behavior, rather than unconditional.

Question 16

During many of Judith's therapy sessions, Judith's client-centered therapist openly and honestly shares her own feelings about what Judith is saying. Judith's therapist is:

Accepted Answer

Judith's therapist is displaying a genuine and open approach while sharing her own feelings, which can help Judith become more comfortable and less defensive in expressing her own feelings. This is a technique used in client-centered therapy to build trust and rapport with the client.

Question 17

The humanistic perspective in psychology emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective focuses on the positive aspects of human behavior, including self-awareness, personal growth, and the pursuit of self-actualization. It emphasizes the inherent worth and potential of every individual, and the importance of freedom of choice and personal responsibility. The other options (B, C, D) are associated with different perspectives in psychology, such as psychoanalytic, behaviorist, and cognitive-behavioral approaches.

Question 18

According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems develop when:

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems arise when a person consistently experiences conditional acceptance from other significant people in his or her life, such as parents or peers. This conditional acceptance leads to a lack of congruence between the person’s true self and their ideal self, which can result in stress, anxiety, and other psychological issues.

Question 19

Who is most likely to have claimed that "As the client becomes more self-aware, more self-acceptant, less defensive, and more open, she finds at last some of the freedom to grow and change in directions natural to the human organism"?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers is known for his humanistic approach to therapy, which emphasizes the importance of creating a safe and accepting therapeutic environment that allows clients to explore and express their authentic selves. Rogers believed that when clients feel heard, understood, and accepted, they are able to develop greater self-awareness, self-acceptance, and personal growth. The quote in question reflects Rogers' view that by creating such a therapeutic atmosphere, clients can tap into their innate potential for growth and change.

Question 20

The main goal of _____ is to encourage and strengthen the client's self-motivating statements, or "change talk," which are expressions of the client's need, desire, and reasons for change.

Accepted Answer

Motivational interviewing is specifically designed to elicit and reinforce the client's own motivation for change. It aims to help clients express their own reasons for change, solve their ambivalence, and increase their confidence in their ability to change. Contingency management is a behavioral approach that rewards desired behaviors, self-help group therapy is a supportive approach that relies on peer sharing and support, and interpersonal therapy focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and communication skills.

Quiz 14: Therapies