Question 1

Traditional psychoanalysis calls for the psychoanalyst to meet with the patient no more than once a week for six months to a year.

Accepted Answer

Traditional psychoanalysis typically involves meeting with the patient multiple times a week, often three to five times, over several years.

Question 2

In the technique called motivational interviewing, the client expresses self-motivating statements, and the therapist responds with empathic understanding and reflective listening, helping the client explore his or her own values and motivations for change.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. It describes the basic principles of motivational interviewing, which is a client-centered approach to helping individuals explore their own motivations and values for behavior change. The therapist uses reflective listening and empathy to amplify the client's own self-motivating statements, rather than directly advocating for change or providing advice.

Question 3

Like Freud, Carl Rogers believed that psychological problems were the result of repressed, unconscious conflicts and wishes.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers rejected Freud's emphasis on the role of unconscious conflicts and instead focused on conscious experiences and the need for positive regard and empathy from others to promote personal growth and psychological well-being.

Question 4

Transference is said to be occurring when the patient unconsciously responds to the therapist as though the therapist were a significant person in the patient's life, usually a parent.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Transference is a concept in psychoanalysis where a patient associates feelings, attitudes, and patterns of behavior with a therapist or another person in their lives. This can include positive, negative, or ambivalent emotions and can provide insight into the patient's past experiences and relationships.

Question 5

Because he thought that the word patient implied that the person entering therapy was sick and needed to be cured by an authority figure, Carl Rogers preferred to use the word client to refer to the person seeking therapy.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that the word patient implied that the person seeking therapy was ill and needed to be treated by an authority figure, while he saw the person seeking therapy as a client who was taking an active role in their own personal growth and development.

Question 6

Rather than interpreting the client's thoughts and behaviors, the client-centered therapist tries to create a warm, accepting climate that allows the client the freedom to explore troubling feelings and thoughts.

Accepted Answer

This is true. The client-centered therapist believes in creating a non-judgmental environment where the client feels safe and supported to explore their own thoughts and emotions without being analyzed or interpreted by the therapist.

Question 7

When Pilar said that her husband didn't love her anymore, her therapist, Dr. Wilkerson, said, "You feel that your husband no longer loves you?" and then sat quietly without saying anything more. Dr. Wilkerson is probably a behavior therapist.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's response indicates that they are using a client-centered or Rogerian approach, which involves reflective listening and empathy rather than specific behavior modification techniques typically used in behavior therapy.

Question 8

To help promote self-directed change in the client, a client-centered therapist strives to display genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true according to the principles of client-centered therapy, which emphasize the importance of creating a supportive and accepting therapeutic environment to help promote self-exploration and growth. Genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding are considered key components of this type of therapy.

Question 9

Although they are of historical interest, Freud's techniques and assumptions are no longer influential in contemporary psychotherapy and research.

Accepted Answer

While some of Freud's ideas and tools are still used in contemporary psychotherapy, his overall approach and assumptions have been largely replaced by other theories and methods, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and humanistic psychology.

Question 10

Usually lasting only a session or two, motivational interviewing is more directive than traditional client-centered therapy.

Accepted Answer

Motivational interviewing involves a specific set of techniques that are more directive than in traditional client-centered therapy, and it typically only lasts a session or two.

Question 11

Rather than focusing on relationships in the past or in early childhood, interpersonal therapy emphasizes current relationships and social interactions.

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal therapy is a short-term treatment that focuses on improving current relationships and social interactions, rather than exploring past relationships or childhood experiences. It is often used to treat depression and other mental health conditions that are related to difficulties with communication, social support, and interpersonal relationships.

Question 12

Client-centered therapy is a type of short-term dynamic therapy.

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, is a non-directive, humanistic approach that focuses on the client's perspective and is not inherently short-term or dynamic.

Question 13

Most of Sigmund Freud's patients completed psychoanalysis in as short a time as six months as long as they had four or more sessions per week.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Freud's psychoanalysis typically lasted several years, and patients were expected to attend sessions multiple times per week for an extended period of time.

Question 14

In contrast to a therapist practicing traditional psychoanalysis, the therapist in short-term dynamic therapy tends to take a more active and direct role in therapy sessions.

Accepted Answer

In short-term dynamic therapy, the therapist is more active and direct, while in traditional psychoanalysis, the therapist tends to take a more passive and reflective role.

Question 15

Free association, transference, and dream interpretation are three techniques that are central to both cognitive therapy and client-centered therapy.

Accepted Answer

Free association and dream interpretation are more commonly associated with psychoanalytic therapy, rather than cognitive therapy or client-centered therapy. Transference may be used in cognitive therapy, but is not a central technique in either cognitive or client-centered therapy.

Question 16

Carl Rogers believed that it was essential for the therapist to actively direct the client so that psychotherapy sessions were productive and focused on the goals that the therapist set for the client.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed in a client-centered approach where the therapist should provide a non-judgmental and accepting atmosphere, and the client would lead the direction and goals of therapy. The therapist's role was to help the client clarify their thoughts and feelings and facilitate their self-exploration and growth, but not to actively direct or control the therapy sessions.

Question 17

Freud's technique of transference involves the therapist actively challenging the patient's irrational beliefs.

Accepted Answer

Freud's technique of transference involves the patient projecting their unconscious feelings and attitudes onto the therapist. The therapist does not actively challenge the patient's beliefs, but instead uses the transference to gain insight into the patient's internal conflicts and facilitate the therapeutic process.

Question 18

Luke's therapist asks him to relax, close his eyes, and say whatever comes into his mind. His therapist is using one of the main techniques of rational-emotive therapy.

Accepted Answer

The technique described is free association, which is a method used in psychoanalysis, not rational-emotive therapy. Rational-emotive therapy focuses on identifying and changing irrational beliefs.

Question 19

In traditional psychoanalysis, the therapist strives to remain as neutral as possible to produce "optimal frustration" in the patient so that the patient transfers and projects unresolved conflicts onto the psychoanalyst.

Accepted Answer

This is a commonly accepted principle in traditional psychoanalysis. The therapist is meant to be a neutral observer who uses techniques like free association, interpretive statements, and transference to help the patient resolve their inner conflicts. The goal is to create a space where the patient can project their feelings onto the therapist, who can then help them process and understand those feelings in a safe and supportive environment.

Question 20

According to Carl Rogers, change occurs in psychotherapy when the person's self-concept becomes less distorted in the therapeutic atmosphere of unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathic understanding.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that change occurs in psychotherapy when a person's self-concept becomes less distorted in an environment of unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathic understanding.

Quiz 14: Therapies