Question 1

Although the popular media and cartoon caricatures often show psychotherapy being conducted as the patient lies on a couch while the therapist sits in a chair and takes notes, it is a myth that Sigmund Freud had his patients lie on a couch.

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud did have his patients lie on a couch during psychoanalysis sessions, a practice that became iconic in the field of psychotherapy.

Question 2

Of the following cultural values, which is LEAST likely to be shared by a psychotherapy client who is a member of a collectivistic culture?

Accepted Answer

Collectivistic cultures prioritize the needs and goals of the group over those of the individual, so an emphasis on the client's individual goals, choices, and self-reliance would be least likely to be shared by a psychotherapy client who is a member of a collectivistic culture.

Question 3

What general conclusion can be drawn about the effectiveness of psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that psychotherapy can be effective in treating a variety of mental health conditions, and is generally more effective than receiving no treatment. However, the effectiveness of different types of therapy may vary depending on the individual and the specific condition being treated.

Question 4

Psychotropic medications that are effective in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia are called:

Accepted Answer

Atypical antipsychotics are known to be effective in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Classic or typical antipsychotics are primarily effective in treating positive symptoms, while MAO inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are not typically used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Question 5

Not all psychologists favor the idea of extending prescription privileges to qualified psychologists. These critics are concerned that the safety and well-being of patients could be at risk if psychologists receive inadequate training to prescribe psychotropic medications.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects the concerns of some psychologists who are opposed to granting prescription privileges to psychologists.

Question 6

Although there are many different types of psychotherapy, they are all based on the assumption that psychological factors play a key role in troubling feelings, behaviors, or relationships.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Psychotherapy is based on the belief that psychological factors can contribute to mental health issues and that addressing these factors through therapeutic techniques can lead to improved well-being.

Question 7

One advantage that group therapy has over individual therapy is that:

Accepted Answer

In group therapy, clients receive feedback and support from one another. This can provide additional perspectives and insights that may not be present in individual therapy, where the client's own perspective and that of the therapist are the primary sources of feedback. This can make group therapy more effective in some cases. However, it is important to note that group therapy should still be conducted by trained professionals, and its effectiveness can vary depending on the group dynamics and individual needs of the participants.

Question 8

In all but a couple of states, clinical psychologists may prescribe medications, electroconvulsive therapy, and other medical procedures in the treatment of psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

In all but a couple of states, clinical psychologists cannot prescribe medications, electroconvulsive therapy, or other medical procedures in the treatment of psychological disorders. Only psychiatrists and some psychiatric nurse practitioners are legally allowed to prescribe medication for mental health disorders in most states.

Question 9

What were the results of controlled research studies that compared eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) with a "sham" or placebo version of EMDR?

Accepted Answer

Multiple controlled research studies have demonstrated that the placebo or sham version of EMDR is just as effective as EMDR in reducing symptoms of PTSD and other anxiety disorders. This suggests that the eye movement component may not be essential to the therapeutic effect, but rather the attention and other aspects of the therapy may be responsible for the improvement.

Question 10

When he goes to graduate school, Darrin would like to do research that might help overcome the trial-and-error nature of prescribing psychotropic medications. He is excited by a new field of study, called _____, which is concerned with how genes influence an individual's response to drugs.

Accepted Answer

The new field of study that Darrin is interested in, which investigates how genes influence an individual's response to drugs, is called pharmacogenetics. Therefore, choice D is the correct option. Choice A, psychopharmacology, is the broader study of how drugs affect the mind and behavior. Choice B, contingency management, is a behavioral therapy approach. Choice C, psychoneuroleptics, is a class of drugs that are used to treat psychotic disorders.

Question 11

Not all psychologists favor the idea of extending prescription privileges to qualified psychologists. Some argue that clinical psychologists should focus on what they do best: providing psychological interventions and treatments that help people acquire more effective patterns of thinking and behaving.

Accepted Answer

Some psychologists believe that prescribing medication is not the primary role of clinical psychologists and that their expertise lies in providing psychotherapeutic treatment.

Question 12

A counseling psychologist holds an academic doctorate and must be licensed to practice. This type of mental health specialist assesses and treats mental, emotional, and behavioral problems and disorders, but usually disorders that are of lesser severity.

Accepted Answer

Counseling psychologists typically hold a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) or Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree and must be licensed to practice. They typically work with individuals who have less severe mental health issues, such as adjustment and relationship problems.

Question 13

You are thinking about entering psychotherapy. It is reasonable for you to expect that your therapist will:

Accepted Answer

The best choice is D, as it is important for a therapist to challenge how you think and act in order to encourage growth and change. A therapist should not share your private information with others, always agree with you, or make decisions for you. It is important for a therapist to maintain confidentiality and respect your autonomy.

Question 14

Free association and dream interpretation are two important techniques in psychoanalysis.

Accepted Answer

Free association and dream interpretation are indeed two important techniques in psychoanalysis. Free association involves verbalizing any thought or emotion that comes to mind without censorship or editing, allowing the unconscious mind to reveal hidden memories and conflicts. Dream interpretation involves analyzing the content and symbols in a patient's dreams to gain insight into the unconscious mind and identify areas for exploration and healing.

Question 15

MAO inhibitors, tricyclics, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are all types of:

Accepted Answer

MAO inhibitors, tricyclics, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are all types of antidepressant medications. Antipsychotic medications are used to treat psychotic disorders, antianxiety medications are used to treat anxiety disorders, and bipolar medications are used to treat bipolar disorder.

Question 16

The term eclecticism refers to:

Accepted Answer

Eclecticism in psychotherapy refers to the integration and use of techniques from different psychotherapy approaches. It allows therapists to tailor their treatment to the specific needs and preferences of their clients, rather than being limited to a single theoretical orientation.

Question 17

Psychiatric nurses and licensed professional counselors can prescribe medications or other medical therapies for psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

Psychiatric nurses and licensed professional counselors typically do not have the authority to prescribe medications; this is usually reserved for psychiatrists or other medical doctors.

Question 18

Psychoanalysis was founded by Carl Rogers and is based on his theory of personality.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis was actually founded by Sigmund Freud, not Carl Rogers. Rogers is known for developing a humanistic approach to psychology.

Question 19

The first effective antipsychotic medications were:

Accepted Answer

The first effective antipsychotic medications were reserpine and chlorpromazine, also known as Thorazine. They were discovered in the 1950s and revolutionized the treatment of schizophrenia by reducing psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Lithium, Buspar, Valium, Librium, Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil are not antipsychotic medications, or they were not the first effective ones.

Question 20

The basic assumption of the biomedical therapies is that the symptoms of most psychological disorders involve biological factors, such as abnormal brain chemistry.

Accepted Answer

Biomedical therapies are based on the assumption that psychological disorders have underlying biological factors that can be treated with medications or other biomedical interventions. This approach focuses on correcting imbalances in brain chemistry or other physiological functions that contribute to the symptoms of a disorder.

Quiz 14: Therapies