Question 1

While chatting over coffee with your friend,you overhear someone say,"I don't understand how those Hindus let cattle wander around their cities and not eat them.Where I come from,cattle are raised,branded,and then turned into steak and burgers.What the Hindus do just isn't normal." Which of the following does this situation best demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

This situation best demonstrates ethnocentrism, which is the belief that one's own cultural practices and beliefs are superior to those of other cultures. The comment about Hindus not eating cattle and letting them roam freely demonstrates a lack of understanding and respect for Hindu cultural practices. The person is judging Hindu beliefs and practices based on their own cultural norms and values.

Question 2

Which of the following levels of psychological universals was NOT proposed by Norenzayan and Heine?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

In an African Studies research paper that you are writing for publication,you used the word "culture" to refer to a South African people.Which of the following is NOT a challenge to using this definition of culture to indicate "South Africans"?

Accepted Answer

The challenge is not about South Africans' self-awareness of their identity, but rather the variability and external influences that make it difficult to define a single "South African" culture.

Question 4

As the incoming CEO of a company where people of different ethnicities work in the same workspace,you have been given the task of creating a positive and friendly work environment.This means that people of different ethnicities should have trust in the company and have positive emotions toward each other.To do so,you plan to give a speech.According to the textbook,which of the following is the ideal approach to take in that speech?

Accepted Answer

Option E acknowledges and celebrates the differences and strengths that each ethnicity brings to the workplace. It promotes unity and teamwork while respecting diversity, making it the ideal approach to create a positive and friendly work environment. Option A is not appropriate as it overlooks the unique cultural and ethnic identities of employees. Option B is generic and may not recognize the differences that individuals may have. Option C suggests that everyone should be treated similarly, which may not account for the unique needs of diverse employees. Option D is not a serious solution to creating a positive work environment.

Question 5

All cultures congratulate their members' achievements to make them feel good about themselves,but some cultures are much more willing to do this than others.According to Norenzayan and Heine,what is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a functional universal, which refers to cultural norms and practices that serve a specific purpose or function, such as boosting self-esteem and social harmony through congratulating achievements. While not all cultures may place the same emphasis on congratulating achievements, this practice serves a similar function across many cultures.

Question 6

You are about to greet Paul for the first time.Upon meeting him,you take his right hand and put it up to your forehead.You then put Paul's hand down and release it.In your culture,this is the custom for greeting people for the first time.Suppose that researchers have decided that this custom is really a functional universal.Which of the following would you assume to be the case in other cultures?

Accepted Answer

A functional universal means that the custom exists across different cultures but may vary in frequency or form.

Question 7

A key difference between "cultural" psychologists and "general" psychologists is that

Accepted Answer

Cultural psychologists emphasize the interdependence of the mind with cultural context and content, while general psychologists often consider the mind as functioning independently of specific cultural contexts.

Question 8

You decide to start a new research project investigating the universality of drinking alcohol.To do so,you investigate two different cultures from two different continents (the Netherlands and Canada).You find evidence that people in both countries drink beer to the same extent and for the same reasons.Which of the following conclusions can you make about alcohol drinking?

Accepted Answer

The study only investigates two cultures, which is not sufficient to make a universal claim about alcohol drinking across all cultures.

Question 9

Your research team found evidence that people in multiple cultures walk with their shoes on their heads;but this "shoe-on-head" way of walking is activated for different reasons across cultures.This would be evidence of a(n)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your research team found evidence that people...

Question 10

You review all of the studies that you've done in your career,and realize that they all use WEIRD samples.Based on this characteristic of your samples,which of the following challenges is the most applicable to your work?

Accepted Answer

WEIRD samples (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) might not be representative of the general population or other cultures outside the Western world. Therefore, it is challenging to determine the universality of the findings, as they might not apply to other cultures with different values, norms, and experiences.

Question 11

A key belief of the Sambia is that

Accepted Answer

The Sambia believe that boys are born female and become male by acquiring semen. This concept is known as the "rites of passage" and is central to the Sambia's beliefs about gender and sexuality. According to Sambia beliefs, a boy must ingest semen in order to grow into a man and acquire male characteristics such as strength, aggressiveness, and intelligence. Once a boy has reached puberty, he is expected to participate in a variety of rituals and ceremonies that involve the exchange of semen with older, more experienced men in the community. This process is believed to be essential for the boy's physical, emotional, and spiritual development.

Question 12

According to the definition offered in the textbook,which of the following would NOT be a good example of "culture"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the definition offered in the...

Question 13

The Russian cultural-historical school emphasized that

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Russian cultural-historical school emphasized that
...

Question 14

After an exhaustive study,you find no cultural variation across all samples explored in terms of sleeping in a tree at night.This finding would best be labeled as a(n)

Accepted Answer

The answer of After an exhaustive study,you find no cultural...

Question 15

A cat teaches another cat in the same alley to hold a mouse a certain way so that the mouse can be more easily eaten.Based on the definitions of culture used in the textbook,can this example be said to be "culture"?

Accepted Answer

Culture typically involves the transmission of information through social learning, which can include habits or practices. Therefore, both A and B are correct.

Question 16

You grew up learning that nodding your head means "yes," and most people you know do the same;however,you recently learned that people in some cultures nod their heads when they mean to say "no." Nodding your head would thus be characterized as a(n)

Accepted Answer

The answer of You grew up learning that nodding your...

Question 17

People from all cultures use umbrellas,but in some cultures umbrellas are used only to block rainwater,whereas in other cultures umbrellas are used only to block the sun.The use of umbrellas across cultures would thus be classified as a(n)

Accepted Answer

The answer of People from all cultures use umbrellas,but in...

Question 18

A chimpanzee learns from his human zookeeper to wash carrots in the artificial river in his habitat before eating them.Based on the definitions of culture used in the textbook,can this example be said to be "culture"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A chimpanzee learns from his human zookeeper...

Question 19

Your friend subscribes to the notion that people interact with their environments through the human-made ideas that have been passed down to them across history.Your friend is most likely to be associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The Russian cultural-historical school, led by Lev Vygotsky, emphasized the role of culture and history in shaping individual perception and cognition. This aligns with the idea that people interact with their environments through the human-made ideas that have been passed down to them across history, as mentioned in the question.

Question 20

You want to raise your child so that she won't be susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion.Based on what the textbook discusses as being the reason for why some people are more susceptible to this illusion than others,what should you do to make your child less susceptible to it?

Accepted Answer

The Müller-Lyer illusion is less effective on people who grow up in environments without right angles and corners, suggesting that exposure to such environments influences susceptibility.

Quiz 1: Introduction