Question 1

Although Nicole scored well above average on an academic aptitude test, she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of

Accepted Answer

Nicole's behavior suggests a lack of emotional intelligence, which refers to the ability to perceive, understand, and regulate one's own emotions, as well as to understand and empathize with others' emotions. Though she may have high cognitive abilities (such as those measured by an academic aptitude test), emotional intelligence is a separate construct that relates to social competence and behavior.

Question 2

Achievement tests are designed to

Accepted Answer

Achievement tests are designed to assess learned knowledge or skills.

Question 3

Psychologists use ________ to assess individuals' mental aptitudes and compare them with those of others.

Accepted Answer

Intelligence tests are specifically designed to assess an individual's mental aptitudes and compare them with those of others. Heritability estimates and reliability coefficients are not necessarily directly tied to assessing mental aptitudes, while the g factor is a theoretical general intelligence factor rather than an assessment tool.

Question 4

By demonstrating both intelligence and grit, highly successful people demonstrate the importance of both ability and

Accepted Answer

Highly successful people demonstrate the importance of not only ability (intelligence) but also motivation (grit). Grit refers to perseverance and passion for long-term goals, which is a key component of motivation. Validity, heritability, and aptitude are not as relevant to this concept.

Question 5

Howard Gardner is most likely to agree that the concept of intelligence includes

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences includes spatial intelligence as one of the eight distinct intelligences, which refers to the ability to perceive and mentally manipulate visual information. The other options listed are more related to personal traits or values rather than specific cognitive abilities or intelligences.

Question 6

A test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered a(n) ________ test.

Accepted Answer

An aptitude test measures a person's natural ability to learn and develop skills in a specific area, such as mechanics. This type of test is used to assess if a person has the potential to succeed in a certain job or training program.

Question 7

The ability to delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-range rewards is most clearly a characteristic associated with

Accepted Answer

Delayed gratification is a crucial aspect of emotional intelligence. It involves the ability to regulate our emotions and impulses, control our desires, and delay immediate pleasures in the pursuit of long-term goals. This skill helps us to make better decisions and achieve success in various areas of our lives, such as relationships, career, and personal growth. The other options (B, C, and D) are not directly related to the ability to delay gratification.

Question 8

Compared with traditional college entrance exams, assessments that include tests of Sternberg's three intelligences reveal ________ ethnic-group differences in intelligence and ________ accurate prediction of American students' first-year grades.

Accepted Answer

Assessments that include tests of Sternberg's three intelligences (analytical, creative, and practical) tend to reveal reduced ethnic group differences in intelligence scores and provide a more accurate prediction of American students' first-year grades in college. This approach is considered more holistic and representative of diverse forms of intelligence beyond traditional academic skills.

Question 9

An important aspect of social intelligence is called

Accepted Answer

Social intelligence involves the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and those of others. Emotional intelligence is a key component of social intelligence, as it involves the ability to recognize and manage emotions in oneself and others. Therefore, option D, emotional intelligence, is the best choice for this question.

Question 10

When Professor McGuire asks her students to answer questions in class, she can quickly tell from their facial expressions whether they are happy to participate. Professor McGuire's perceptual skill best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Emotional intelligence involves the ability to perceive and understand the emotions of others as well as one's own emotions. Professor McGuire's ability to read her students' facial expressions and gauge their willingness to participate demonstrates emotional intelligence.

Question 11

Which of the following persons best illustrates Sternberg's concept of practical intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's concept of practical intelligence refers to the ability to solve real-life problems in one's environment. Shelley, a school principal who effectively solves unexpected administrative problems, best illustrates this concept. The other options do not necessarily involve problem-solving in a practical context.

Question 12

The U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth showed a small but significant positive correlation between youth's intelligence test scores and their subsequent

Accepted Answer

The U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth showed that there is a small but significant positive correlation between youths' intelligence test scores and their subsequent income levels. This means that those who scored higher on intelligence tests had a higher likelihood of earning more money as adults.

Question 13

Howard Gardner identified a total of ________ relatively independent intelligences.

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner identified a total of eight relatively independent intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.

Question 14

The concept of emotional intelligence is most likely to be criticized for

Accepted Answer

The concept of emotional intelligence has been criticized for extending the definition of intelligence to an overly broad range of skills, which some argue should fall under different categories such as personality traits or social skills. While there may be some overlap with analytical intelligence, emotional intelligence is considered a distinct type of intelligence that involves understanding and managing emotions in oneself and others. While measuring emotional intelligence can be difficult, there are reliable and valid assessments available.

Question 15

Energetic persistence in pursuit of challenging goals is most clearly an indication of

Accepted Answer

Energetic persistence in pursuing challenging goals is a characteristic of grit, which is the perseverance and passion for long-term goals despite adversity or setbacks. It involves sticking with goals, working hard, maintaining effort and interest, and continuous improvement. Grit is not the same as intelligence, creativity, or general problem-solving ability, as it is a distinctive quality that combines dedication, resilience, and motivation.

Question 16

Tests designed to predict ability to learn new skills are called

Accepted Answer

Aptitude tests are designed to predict ability to learn new skills, as opposed to interest inventories which measure an individual's preferences and attitudes towards certain activities, factor analytic measures which seek to identify underlying factors that contribute to an individual's overall intelligence, and standardized assessments which measure an individual's current level of knowledge or skill in a particular area.

Question 17

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, practical, and ________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, practical, and creative intelligence.

Question 18

In 8 to 10 seconds, the late memory whiz Kim Peek could read and remember the contents of a book page. Yet, he had little capacity for understanding abstract concepts. Kim's mental capacities best illustrate

Accepted Answer

Kim's ability to read and memorize large amounts of information while lacking understanding of abstract concepts is characteristic of savant syndrome.

Question 19

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize

Accepted Answer

Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences challenges the traditional view of intelligence as being solely based on academic aptitude. Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are likely to criticize Gardner's theory as it includes other forms of intelligence, such as interpersonal and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.

Question 20

The characteristics of savant syndrome most directly suggest that intelligence is

Accepted Answer

Savant syndrome is characterized by exceptional abilities in specific areas such as music, art, or mathematics, while performance in other areas may be significantly impaired. This suggests that intelligence is not a unitary concept, but rather a diverse set of distinct abilities.

Quiz 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence