Question 1

ADHD is diagnosed ________ often in girls than in boys. In the decade after 1987, a(n) ________ proportion of American children have been treated for this disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ADHD is diagnosed ________ often in girls...

Question 2

In 1973, the American Psychiatric Association discontinued classifying homosexuality as a disorder because mental health workers came to consider same-sex attraction as NOT inherently

Accepted Answer

The American Psychiatric Association discontinued classifying homosexuality as a disorder because mental health workers came to consider same-sex attraction as NOT inherently dysfunctional.

Question 3

Which of the following was presented in the text as evidence of biological influences on anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD?

Accepted Answer

All three findings (identical twins often developing similar phobias, high activity in the anterior cingulate cortex in persons with OCD, and drugs that alleviate fear-circuit activity in the amygdala also alleviating OCD) were presented as evidence of biological influences on anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD.

Question 4

Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends. This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is

Accepted Answer

The behavior of being socially withdrawn and having few close friends becomes a symptom of a psychological disorder only if it prevents the person from functioning effectively. This means that the behavior must be causing significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning.

Question 5

Hearing voices would be a(n) ________; believing that you are Napoleon would be a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

Hearing voices is a hallucination because it involves perceiving something that is not actually there. Believing that you are Napoleon is a delusion because it is a firmly held false belief about oneself or reality.

Question 6

In treating depression, a psychiatrist would probably prescribe a drug that would

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that depression is associated with low levels of norepinephrine. Therefore, increasing levels of this neurotransmitter through medications such as selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs) can be an effective treatment for depression. Increasing levels of acetylcholine (A) and decreasing levels of dopamine (B) are not typically targeted in the treatment of depression. While decreasing levels of serotonin (D) can be effective in treating depression, the more commonly prescribed medications for depression such as SSRIs and SSNRIs actually work to increase levels of serotonin rather than decrease them.

Question 7

Which of the following disorders most often coexists with a learning disorder or with defiant and temper-prone behavior?

Accepted Answer

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) most often coexists with learning disorders or with defiant and temper-prone behavior. Panic disorder, anorexia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder may coexist with other mental health disorders, but they do not have a strong association with learning disorders or defiant behavior.

Question 8

The discovery that psychologically disordered behavior could result from syphilis infections facilitated the credibility and acceptance of

Accepted Answer

The discovery that syphilis infections could result in psychologically disordered behavior provided support for the medical model, which views mental illnesses as similar to physical illnesses and emphasizes the role of biological factors in their development and treatment. This discovery helped to shift the prevailing view of mental illness away from a purely psychological or moralistic perspective towards a more scientific and medical one.

Question 9

When expecting to be electrically shocked, people with an antisocial personality disorder, as compared with normal people, show

Accepted Answer

People with antisocial personality disorder tend to have lower levels of fear and show less autonomic arousal in response to potentially dangerous or threatening situations. This may be related to a reduced ability to experience emotions and a lack of concern for the consequences of their actions.

Question 10

Significant dysfunction in a person's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors is most clearly an indication of

Accepted Answer

Significant dysfunction in a person's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors is a hallmark of a psychological disorder. While anxiety is a common symptom of various disorders, it is not enough to diagnose a disorder on its own. Psychosis refers to a break from reality and is a specific type of disorder, not a general indication of dysfunction. Learned helplessness is a phenomenon where a person may give up trying to change their situation due to past failures, but it is not necessarily an indication of a disorder.

Question 11

It would be most difficult to use the ________ to explain why anorexia nervosa occurs mostly in Western cultures.

Accepted Answer

The medical model focuses on biological and physiological factors, which may not account for the cultural influences that contribute to the prevalence of anorexia nervosa in Western cultures.

Question 12

Most of the hallucinations of schizophrenia patients involve the sense of

Accepted Answer

Most of the hallucinations experienced by schizophrenia patients involve auditory sensations, such as hearing voices or sounds that are not really present.

Question 13

The interaction of genetic predispositions, mental processes, and cultural circumstances is most clearly emphasized by the

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach considers the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding behavior and mental processes. This approach emphasizes the potential interaction of genetic predispositions, mental processes, and cultural circumstances. The DSM-5 is a classification system for mental disorders and does not directly address these factors. The medical model views mental illness as a disease that can be treated with medical intervention. The psychotic perspective focuses on severe mental disorders that involve a break from reality.

Question 14

The major problem associated with explanations of psychological disorders in terms of demon possession is that these explanations

Accepted Answer

Explanations of psychological disorders in terms of demon possession led to some harsh and ineffective remedial treatments, such as torture, exorcism, and burning at the stake. This worsened the condition of the afflicted and caused more harm than good.

Question 15

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder). OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) involves intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors, PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) involves re-experiencing traumatic events, and DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder) involves a disruption of identity.

Question 16

Larry has difficulty organizing his daily schedule of work responsibilities. He often makes careless mistakes or fails to complete his work because he is easily distracted. Larry's behavior is most characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Larry's difficulty with organization and distractibility are common symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder may also involve difficulties with organization and focus, but none of the other answer choices specifically describe Larry's symptoms as consistent with those disorders.

Question 17

Which of the following is true concerning eating disorders?

Accepted Answer

All of these statements are true. Research suggests that genetic factors may influence susceptibility to developing an eating disorder, cultural pressures for thinness play a strong role in the development of eating disorders among teenage girls, and family background may also be a significant factor.

Question 18

Although Adderall is a ________ drug, it is commonly used in the treatment of ________.

Accepted Answer

Adderall is a stimulant drug and is commonly used in the treatment of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). It may also be prescribed for narcolepsy, a condition that causes daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep. It is not used in the treatment of PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) or as a depressant drug.

Question 19

The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of

Accepted Answer

The medical model of psychological disorders tends to focus heavily on biological factors, such as genetics and brain chemistry, while neglecting the role of social circumstances and psychological factors, such as stress and trauma, in the development and treatment of these disorders. This narrow focus has been criticized by many psychologists and mental health professionals as overly reductionistic and limited in its approach.

Question 20

According to the medical model, psychological disorders are

Accepted Answer

The medical model views psychological disorders as illnesses that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases cured. This model emphasizes the importance of identifying symptoms, making a diagnosis, and providing appropriate treatment through therapy and/or medication.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders

ADHD is diagnosed often in girls than in boys. In the decade after 1987, a(n) proportion of American children have been treated for this disorder.