Question 1

Destruction of an appetite-suppressing area within the hypothalamus of a rat is most likely to

Accepted Answer

Destruction of an appetite-suppressing area within the hypothalamus would remove a mechanism for regulating food intake, leading to overeating and potentially extreme weight gain in the rat. This would not necessarily affect the set point for body weight, blood insulin levels, or basal metabolic rate.

Question 2

Basal metabolic rate is the body's resting rate of

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolic rate refers to the amount of energy expended by the body while at rest. This includes basic functions such as breathing, circulation, and cellular repair. Therefore, basal metabolic rate is directly related to energy expenditure.

Question 3

Leptin is a hunger-dampening hormone secreted by

Accepted Answer

Leptin is secreted by fat cells in response to increased fat storage. It sends a signal to the hypothalamus in the brain to reduce hunger and increase metabolism.

Question 4

Research on the physiological basis of hunger has indicated that

Accepted Answer

The research mentioned in the statement suggests that hunger is not solely based on stomach contractions but involves other physiological factors. This is supported by the fact that humans whose cancerous stomachs have been removed still experience hunger. Choice A is incorrect because stomach contractions do play a role in feelings of hunger. Choice C is also incorrect because rats without stomachs can survive without force-feeding through other means of nutrient absorption. Choice D is not mentioned in the statement and is therefore incorrect.

Question 5

Insulin, a hormone that influences appetite, is secreted by the

Accepted Answer

Insulin is secreted by the pancreas in response to rising levels of glucose in the blood. It helps to regulate glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells, including muscle and fat tissue, where it can be used for energy or stored for later use. Insulin also plays a role in regulating appetite by signaling to the brain when the body has had enough food.

Question 6

The set point is

Accepted Answer

The set point refers to the specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time. It is determined by genetic and environmental factors, and the body works to maintain this weight through various biological systems.

Question 7

Appetite-stimulating hormones and appetite-suppressing hormones are secreted by different neural centers within the

Accepted Answer

The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is known to secrete both appetite-stimulating hormones, such as ghrelin, and appetite-suppressing hormones, such as leptin. The amygdala and hippocampus are involved in regulating emotions and memory, respectively, but are not directly involved in appetite regulation. The frontal lobes are involved in higher cognitive functions such as decision making and problem solving, but not specifically in appetite regulation.

Question 8

Working with Walter Cannon, A. L. Washburn used a balloon to show that feelings of hunger are accompanied by

Accepted Answer

A. L. Washburn used a balloon to show that feelings of hunger are accompanied by stomach contractions.

Question 9

People become obsessed with water when thirsty and obsessed with food when hungry. This illustrates that activated motives

Accepted Answer

Activated motives dominate consciousness by focusing attention on the need that must be satisfied, such as thirst or hunger.

Question 10

Ancel Keys and his colleagues observed that men on a semistarvation diet

Accepted Answer

Ancel Keys and his colleagues observed that men on a semistarvation diet lost interest in sex and social activities.

Question 11

The level of serotonin in the brain is

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates increase the level of serotonin in the brain. This is because carbohydrates help increase the production of insulin, which then helps the body and brain absorb more tryptophan, an amino acid that is used to produce serotonin.

Question 12

Orexin is a ________ hormone secreted by the ________.

Accepted Answer

Orexin is a hunger-arousing hormone that is secreted by the hypothalamus.

Question 13

We experience hunger when the level of

Accepted Answer

Hunger is mainly triggered by low levels of glucose in the blood. Glucose is the primary source of fuel for the body, and when it becomes low, the body sends signals to the brain to increase food intake in order to restore glucose levels. Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates appetite and is released by the stomach when it is empty. Leptin, on the other hand, is a hormone that signals the brain when the body has enough energy stores and should stop eating. PYY is a hormone that is released by the intestines after a meal and signals to the brain that the body has had enough food. However, none of these hormones are directly responsible for triggering hunger.

Question 14

An explanation of motivation in terms of homeostasis is best illustrated by the concept of

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment, and the concept of a set point refers to the optimal level of a certain factor or behavior that the body tries to maintain, such as body temperature or hunger/satiety. Motivation can be explained in terms of homeostasis by the drive to maintain or return to the set point when a deviation occurs, such as feeling hungry and seeking food to bring the body back to its optimal level. Therefore, option B, set point, is the best choice for this question.

Question 15

Surgeons removed a sizable part of Tom's stomach to prevent the spread of a cancerous tumor. Following a successful recovery, Tom's reduced appetite for food is most likely attributable to his body's reduced secretion of

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin, also known as the hunger hormone, is produced by cells in the stomach and stimulates appetite. With a portion of his stomach removed, Tom's body is likely producing less ghrelin, which could explain his reduced appetite.

Question 16

Financial satisfaction is more strongly predictive of subjective well-being in poorer nations than in wealthy ones. This fact would most clearly be anticipated by

Accepted Answer

The hierarchy of needs theory proposes that individuals have a set of basic needs, such as physiological needs, safety needs, and belongingness needs, that must be satisfied before higher level needs can be fulfilled. Once basic needs are met, individuals can focus on more complex needs, such as self-esteem and self-actualization. Financial satisfaction falls under the category of basic needs, as it is essential for meeting basic physiological and safety needs. Therefore, the fact that it is more strongly predictive of subjective well-being in poorer nations than in wealthy ones is consistent with the hierarchy of needs theory, which suggests that basic needs are more crucial for well-being than higher level needs.

Question 17

Feelings of hunger are decreased by the hormone

Accepted Answer

PYY is a hormone that is released from the intestines after a meal and signals to the brain to decrease feelings of hunger. Ghrelin promotes feelings of hunger, orexin promotes wakefulness and appetite, and serotonin plays a role in mood and appetite regulation but does not directly decrease hunger.

Question 18

Our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible and are influenced by environmental as well as biological factors. Some researchers have therefore adopted the term

Accepted Answer

The term "settling point" refers to the idea that our weight is not fixed or predetermined, but rather is determined by various biological and environmental factors. It suggests that our weight can fluctuate within a range that is influenced by factors such as genetics, diet, and physical activity. This concept is similar to the more widely recognized idea of homeostasis, but it emphasizes the variability of our weight rather than a fixed set point.

Question 19

In addition to secreting orexin, the ________ monitors levels of the body's other appetite hormones.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that secretes orexin, a hormone that plays a role in regulating appetite and wakefulness. Additionally, the hypothalamus monitors levels of other appetite hormones such as leptin and ghrelin, and responds by signaling the body to increase or decrease food intake accordingly. The hippocampus plays a role in memory, the amygdala in emotional processing, and the cerebellum in coordinating movement.

Question 20

When an organism's weight rises above its set point, the organism is likely to experience a(n)

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an organism's weight rises above its...

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion