Question 1

Which basic emotion is facially expressed by brows drawn together and downward, eyes fixed, and mouth squarish?

Accepted Answer

The facial expression described is commonly associated with the basic emotion of anger. The brows being drawn together and downward, eyes fixed, and mouth forming a squarish shape all indicate a sense of hostility or frustration.

Question 2

Our most rapid and automatic emotional responses may result from the routing of sensory input through the thalamus directly to the

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is responsible for processing emotions and is involved in our rapid and automatic emotional responses. Sensory input can be routed directly to the amygdala through the thalamus, bypassing other brain regions that may be more involved in conscious processing of the information.

Question 3

Which basic emotion is facially expressed by nose wrinkled, upper lip raised, and tongue pushed outward?

Accepted Answer

This combination of facial expressions is commonly associated with the basic emotion of disgust. The wrinkling of the nose is a defensive response to a negative odor or taste, the raising of the upper lip is a way to prevent ingestion of the stimulus and the pushing out of the tongue is typically associated with wanting to remove the taste from the mouth.

Question 4

The two-factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance of ________ than does the James-Lange theory.

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory of emotion suggests that cognitive activity, particularly the interpretation of physiological arousal, plays a crucial role in emotional experience. In contrast, the James-Lange theory proposes that physiological arousal is the primary driver of emotional experience.

Question 5

Evidence that people can develop an emotional preference for stimuli to which they have been unknowingly exposed has convinced Robert Zajonc that

Accepted Answer

Zajonc's research on emotional preference suggests that sometimes our emotions can precede our cognitive awareness, indicating that choice D is the best option.

Question 6

Rapid fear reactions to sensory input in the absence of conscious thought are possible because certain neural pathways bypass the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rapid fear reactions to sensory input in...

Question 7

The autonomic nervous system regulates the ________ that accompany(ies) different emotions.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system controls the involuntary physiological responses, such as heart rate, breathing, and sweating, that occur in response to emotional stimuli.

Question 8

After being physically aroused by his daily three-mile run, Martin finds that he experiences stronger resentment if his wife asks for an unexpected favor and more intense romantic feelings if she kisses him. Martin's experience can best be explained by the

Accepted Answer

Martin's experience can be best explained by the two-factor theory, which states that emotions are a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. In this case, Martin's physical arousal from his daily run is influencing his cognitive interpretation of his wife's requests and kisses.

Question 9

The lingering arousal associated with one emotional state can intensify a completely different state of emotion. This is called

Accepted Answer

The spillover effect refers to the transfer of arousal from one intense emotion to a completely different emotion, resulting in an intensification of the latter. For example, if a person is still feeling the residual excitement from a thrilling movie, they may become even more angry or sad than they would normally be in response to a negative event.

Question 10

The spillover effect is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

The spillover effect occurs when arousal from one source spills over and affects the interpretation of other events. This is best explained by the two-factor theory, which suggests that emotions are a result of two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive labeling. In the case of the spillover effect, the physiological arousal from one source (such as exercise or a scary movie) might spill over to affect how we label and interpret other events in our environment.

Question 11

According to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory, proposed by Schachter and Singer, suggests that emotions involve both physiological arousal and a cognitive label for that arousal. This theory proposes that the arousal from a stimulus can have multiple interpretations or labels, and the labeling of that arousal is what determines the specific emotion experienced. Therefore, the two basic components of emotions are a cognitive label and physical arousal.

Question 12

Unlike the low-road brain pathway, the high road for emotional responses extends through the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlike the low-road brain pathway, the high...

Question 13

A therapist tells a patient who is afraid of elevators that his rapid breathing while on an elevator is not due to fear but is a natural consequence of too little oxygen in a small, enclosed space. With this new interpretation of his arousal, the patient no longer dreads elevators. The reduction in the patient's fear is best understood in terms of the

Accepted Answer

The patient's fear reduction can be explained by the two-factor theory, which asserts that emotions are composed of both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal. By providing a new interpretation of the patient's arousal, the therapist helped him reinterpret his fear in a less distressing way, leading to reduced fear.

Question 14

Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty while he was taking a difficult test, Harley concluded that he was "anxious." Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty when an attractive lady asked him to dance, Harley concluded that he was "falling in love." The differing emotions experienced by Harley can best be explained by

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory suggests that emotions are influenced by both physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal. In Harley's case, his interpretation of the bodily sensations differed in each situation, leading to different emotional experiences.

Question 15

Ten distinct and basic emotions were identified by

Accepted Answer

The ten distinct and basic emotions were identified by Carroll Izard in his theory called the Differential Emotions Theory. William James and Charles Darwin also had influential theories on emotion, but did not identify the specific emotions in the same way Izard did. Schachter's theory focused more on the physiological aspects of emotion rather than identifying specific emotions.

Question 16

The two-factor theory of emotion would have difficulty explaining why a

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two-factor theory of emotion would have...

Question 17

Lee was momentarily terrified as a passing automobile nearly sideswiped his car. When one of his passengers joked that he almost had a two-color car, Lee laughed uncontrollably. Lee's emotional volatility best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The spillover effect refers to the tendency for an arousal response to one event to spill over and affect our response to the next event. In this case, Lee's fear from the near-accident spilled over and intensified his laughter in response to the passenger's joke.

Question 18

In an experiment to test the spillover effect, college men were injected with epinephrine prior to spending time with an experimenter's accomplice who acted either euphoric or irritated. Which individuals in this experiment were LEAST likely to experience the emotion demonstrated by the experimenter's accomplice?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an experiment to test the spillover...

Question 19

In one experiment, college men were injected with epinephrine before spending time with either a joyful or an irritated person. The results of this experiment support the idea that

Accepted Answer

The experiment supports the idea that our experience of emotion depends on how we interpret the body's arousal, as the men who were primed with epinephrine perceived the emotions of the person they were spending time with differently based on whether they were told to expect joy or irritation. This suggests that their interpretation of their physiological arousal influenced their emotional experience. This supports the theory of cognitive appraisal, which proposes that our interpretation of a situation mediates our emotional experience.

Question 20

In their dispute over the role of cognition in emotion, both Zajonc and Lazarus agree that

Accepted Answer

Both Zajonc and Lazarus agree that some emotional reactions involve no conscious thinking, indicating that emotions can occur without cognitive appraisal or evaluation. However, they differ in their viewpoints on the role of cognition in emotions.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion