Question 1

Which of the following techniques was Freud most likely to use in an attempt to discover the hidden conflicts underlying his patients' symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Free association was one of the primary techniques used by Freud to uncover unconscious conflicts and desires. Patients were encouraged to speak freely and without censorship, allowing their unconscious thoughts and feelings to surface.

Question 2

Efforts to boost someone's self-esteem with random expressions of praise in the absence of good performance is most likely to promote

Accepted Answer

Efforts to boost someone's self-esteem with random expressions of praise in the absence of good performance can actually have negative consequences, such as promoting learned helplessness. If someone is frequently praised regardless of their actual ability or effort, they may come to believe that success has nothing to do with their own actions and everything to do with external factors like luck or other people's praise. This can lead to feelings of helplessness and a lack of motivation to improve or continue trying.

Question 3

Samantha tends to hold grudges,is very active on social media,and becomes extremely upset when she is criticized by others.These are all characteristics of

Accepted Answer

The given characteristics are indicative of narcissism. Holding onto grudges, being highly active on social media (where one can showcase their own self), and becoming extremely upset when criticized by others are all common traits of narcissistic behavior.

Question 4

According to Freud,we store thoughts temporarily in a(n)________ area before they are brought into ________ awareness.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of the mind, the preconscious (also known as the subconscious) is the area where thoughts are stored temporarily before they are brought into conscious awareness. The conscious is the level of awareness we are familiar with in our day-to-day lives. So, option A is the correct answer.

Question 5

According to Freud,thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge are

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge are repressed. This means that such thoughts are pushed down to the unconscious mind and are inaccessible to conscious awareness. The repression of these thoughts is believed to lead to psychological distress and the development of various mental health disorders.

Question 6

Ariel loves her husband but unconsciously resents his successful career.Her therapist suggests that their marriage would improve if she recognized the conflict between these two feelings.The therapist's belief best illustrates the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's suggestion highlights the role of unconscious conflicts in shaping behavior and relationships, which is a key premise of the psychodynamic perspective.

Question 7

Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of personality and treatment techniques were collectively called psychoanalysis.

Question 8

After medical school,________ set up a private practice specializing in nervous disorders.

Accepted Answer

While all four individuals were influential psychoanalysts, only Sigmund Freud is known for specializing in nervous disorders and setting up a private practice after completing medical school. Alfred Adler originally trained as an ophthalmologist, Karen Horney and Carl Jung both initially trained in psychiatry.

Question 9

After recalling an embarrassing childhood experience,Angie is instructed by her therapist to close her eyes and report any other images,words,or thoughts that come to mind at that moment.The therapist is using a procedure called

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using free association, which involves allowing the client to freely and openly express their thoughts and emotions without judgement or interruption. This can help uncover underlying issues and emotions that may be contributing to their difficulties.

Question 10

Personality is best defined as an individual's

Accepted Answer

Personality is a combination of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting that makes them unique from others. It is a consistent and enduring pattern of behavior, thoughts, and emotions that is relatively stable over time and across different situations.

Question 11

Free association is a method designed to

Accepted Answer

Free association is a psychoanalytic method of exploring the unconscious by having a person verbalize their thoughts without any censorship or self-editing. It allows the unconscious mind to freely associate thoughts and feelings, often providing insight into the person's hidden conflicts and desires.

Question 12

Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck best illustrate

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the self-serving bias, where individuals attribute their successes to internal factors such as skill but attribute their failures to external factors such as luck.

Question 13

Social-cognitive theories expanded on

Accepted Answer

Social-cognitive theories built upon both psychoanalytic and humanistic theories, incorporating elements of each while also developing unique concepts and perspectives. For example, social-cognitive theories draw from the humanistic focus on personal agency and motivation, while also integrating psychoanalytic concepts of unconscious cognitive processes and early childhood experiences.

Question 14

Defining one's identity in terms of one's extended family or work group is most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

Defining one's identity in terms of one's extended family or work group is a characteristic of collectivist cultures, in which the group is prioritized over the individual.

Question 15

Mark typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner.Chandler usually becomes agitated.The reactions of Mark and Chandler indicate that each has a distinctive

Accepted Answer

The reactions of Mark and Chandler suggest that each has a distinct personality. Personality refers to the unique pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that characterizes an individual and remains relatively stable over time and across situations. Mark's calm and thoughtful response to stress is likely a reflection of his personality, as is Chandler's tendency to become agitated. The other options (reaction formation, collective unconscious, Oedipus complex) do not accurately capture the differences between Mark and Chandler's reactions to stress.

Question 16

Psychodynamic theorists emphasize the importance of

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic theorists, such as Freud, focus on the role of unconscious mental processes in shaping emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. They believe that unresolved conflicts and experiences from childhood can continue to influence individuals throughout their lives, even if they are not consciously aware of them. The concept of the unconscious mind is central to this theory.

Question 17

Prior to his use of free association,Freud unsuccessfully tried to make use of

Accepted Answer

Prior to his use of free association, Freud tried to make use of hypnosis. Freud originally used hypnosis to try to help his patients remember repressed memories, but he later abandoned this technique in favor of free association.

Question 18

Freud emphasized that effective treatment of psychological disorders involves the

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that psychological disorders are often caused by repressed memories and emotions from childhood. Therefore, he believed that effective treatment involves the exploration and surfacing of these repressed memories and emotions.

Question 19

Janis has no memory of being in a serious auto accident when she was 10 years old.Freud would suggest that this memory has been repressed into the

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, repressed memories are stored in the unconscious mind, which is a level of awareness that is inaccessible to conscious awareness. Therefore, choice B is the best answer as it describes where Janis's memory of the car accident could have been repressed.

Question 20

The belief that some distressing physical symptoms made no neurological sense contributed most directly to

Accepted Answer

Freud's interest in unconscious conflicts arose from his observation that some physical symptoms could not be explained by neurological causes, leading him to believe that they were instead caused by deeply buried conflicts in the unconscious mind.

Quiz 13: Personality

Which of the following techniques was Freud most likely to use in an attempt to discover the hidden conflicts underlying his patients' symptoms?

Efforts to boost someone's self-esteem with random expressions of praise in the absence of good performance is most likely to promote

Samantha tends to hold grudges,is very active on social media,and becomes extremely upset when she is criticized by others.These are all characteristics of

According to Freud,we store thoughts temporarily in a(n) area before they are brought into awareness.

According to Freud,thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge are

Ariel loves her husband but unconsciously resents his successful career.Her therapist suggests that their marriage would improve if she recognized the conflict between these two feelings.The therapist's belief best illustrates the ________ perspective.

Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques

After medical school,________ set up a private practice specializing in nervous disorders.

After recalling an embarrassing childhood experience,Angie is instructed by her therapist to close her eyes and report any other images,words,or thoughts that come to mind at that moment.The therapist is using a procedure called

Personality is best defined as an individual's

Free association is a method designed to

Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck best illustrate

Social-cognitive theories expanded on

Defining one's identity in terms of one's extended family or work group is most closely associated with

Mark typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner.Chandler usually becomes agitated.The reactions of Mark and Chandler indicate that each has a distinctive

Psychodynamic theorists emphasize the importance of

Prior to his use of free association,Freud unsuccessfully tried to make use of

Freud emphasized that effective treatment of psychological disorders involves the

Janis has no memory of being in a serious auto accident when she was 10 years old.Freud would suggest that this memory has been repressed into the

The belief that some distressing physical symptoms made no neurological sense contributed most directly to

Quiz 13: Personality

Which of the following techniques was Freud most likely to use in an attempt to discover the hidden conflicts underlying his patients' symptoms?

Efforts to boost someone's self-esteem with random expressions of praise in the absence of good performance is most likely to promote

Samantha tends to hold grudges,is very active on social media,and becomes extremely upset when she is criticized by others.These are all characteristics of

According to Freud,we store thoughts temporarily in a(n) ________ area before they are brought into ________ awareness.

According to Freud,thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge are

Ariel loves her husband but unconsciously resents his successful career.Her therapist suggests that their marriage would improve if she recognized the conflict between these two feelings.The therapist's belief best illustrates the ________ perspective.

Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques

After medical school,________ set up a private practice specializing in nervous disorders.

After recalling an embarrassing childhood experience,Angie is instructed by her therapist to close her eyes and report any other images,words,or thoughts that come to mind at that moment.The therapist is using a procedure called

Personality is best defined as an individual's

Free association is a method designed to

Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck best illustrate

Social-cognitive theories expanded on

Defining one's identity in terms of one's extended family or work group is most closely associated with

Mark typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner.Chandler usually becomes agitated.The reactions of Mark and Chandler indicate that each has a distinctive

Psychodynamic theorists emphasize the importance of

Prior to his use of free association,Freud unsuccessfully tried to make use of

Freud emphasized that effective treatment of psychological disorders involves the

Janis has no memory of being in a serious auto accident when she was 10 years old.Freud would suggest that this memory has been repressed into the

The belief that some distressing physical symptoms made no neurological sense contributed most directly to

According to Freud,we store thoughts temporarily in a(n) area before they are brought into awareness.