Question 1

The process by which people learn from others who lead their experiences and explorations is called guided participation.

Accepted Answer

Guided participation is a type of learning in which individuals learn through actively participating in activities with others who are more experienced and knowledgeable. The guidance and support provided by these more experienced individuals helps learners to gradually gain more independence and expertise in the activity.

Question 2

A theory of mind is one's own personal understanding of the complex interaction among emotions, perceptions, thoughts, and intentions in oneself and others.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct definition of a theory of mind.

Question 3

The vocabulary explosion typically occurs at about 1 year of age.

Accepted Answer

The "vocabulary explosion" typically occurs between 18 to 24 months of age, when toddlers rapidly acquire new words.

Question 4

By the age of 6, many children have a vocabulary of about 10,000 words.

Accepted Answer

This is true according to research. By the age of 6, children typically have a vocabulary of 10,000-14,000 words.

Question 5

According to Piaget, the preoperational child is incapable of understanding irreversibility.

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that the preoperational child is unable to understand a concept called irreversibility, which refers to the inability to mentally reverse a sequence of events or actions.

Question 6

Overregularization is actually a sign of increased verbal knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Overregularization occurs when a child applies a regular grammatical rule to an irregular word (e.g. saying "goed" instead of "went"). This is actually a sign of increased verbal knowledge because the child has learned and internalized the regular rule, and is applying it consistently. It is a normal part of language development and typically resolves as the child's language skills mature.

Question 7

Ten-year-old Sarah and 5-year-old Haley were making a special birthday card for their grandmother. By patiently showing Haley how to carefully glue the lace around the card's edges, Sarah was providing scaffolding for Haley.

Accepted Answer

Sarah was providing scaffolding for Haley by guiding her through the process of gluing the lace, which allowed Haley to complete the activity with Sarah's assistance.

Question 8

Preoperational thought involves magical, self-centered imagination rather than logic.

Accepted Answer

Preoperational thought is characterized by egocentrism, animism, and the use of symbols, but not by logical reasoning. Children in this stage often believe in magical thinking and have difficulty understanding perspectives other than their own.

Question 9

The charting of new vocabulary words by associating them with already-known words is called fast-mapping.

Accepted Answer

This is correct. Fast-mapping is a strategy of quickly learning and remembering new words by connecting them to existing knowledge or concepts.

Question 10

Children display evidence of fast-mapping before the age of 1.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children display evidence of fast-mapping before the...

Question 11

Overimitation is demonstrated when 2- to 6-year-old children imitate adult actions that are irrelevant, time-consuming, and inefficient.

Accepted Answer

Overimitation refers to the tendency of young children to imitate adult actions even when they are unnecessary, inefficient or irrelevant to the task at hand. This behavior has been observed in children between the ages of 2 to 6 years old.

Question 12

Egocentrism is Piaget's term for a particular type of centration, in which the child thinks about the world from his or her own perspective.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct definition of egocentrism according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 13

The temporary, sensitive structure provided by others to a developing child who is learning new skills is known as the zone of proximal development.

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development refers to the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner. It is not a structure but a concept describing potential learning.

Question 14

Centration is an obstacle to developing logical operations.

Accepted Answer

Centration refers to the tendency of young children to focus on one aspect of a problem and ignore other important aspects. This can make it difficult for them to understand more complex logical operations, as they are unable to consider multiple variables at once. Therefore, centration can be seen as an obstacle to developing logical operations.

Question 15

The best time to learn a second language is in adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that early childhood is the most effective period for language acquisition due to the brain's plasticity and ability to absorb new information.

Question 16

Conservation refers to a child's assumption that the world is unchanging.

Accepted Answer

Conservation, in the context of cognitive development in children, refers to the understanding that certain properties of objects or substances remain unchanged even when their outward appearance changes, not to an assumption that the world is unchanging.

Question 17

Vygotsky's followers believe in scaffolding, a learning process that involves mentors who guide the child.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the importance of social interaction and guidance in learning, and scaffolding is a key concept in this theory. Scaffolding involves providing support and guidance to a learner as they work to acquire new knowledge or skills, with the goal of gradually reducing the amount of support as the learner becomes more competent. Mentors, teachers, parents, or peers can all serve as scaffolds for a child's learning.

Question 18

The underlying factor allowing the development of theory of mind is static reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The development of theory of mind is not linked to static reasoning, but rather to the ability to understand and consider other people's thoughts, beliefs, and intentions.

Question 19

The development of theory of mind has been demonstrated only in more affluent cultures.

Accepted Answer

The development of theory of mind has been observed in various other cultures, such as the Himba people of Namibia or the Quechua people of Peru, who have different social and linguistic environments compared to more affluent cultures.

Question 20

Vygotsky believed that cognitive growth was a process of individual discovery, propelled by experience and biological maturation.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky believed that cognitive growth was a process of social and cultural interaction, with learning and development influenced by the social and cultural systems in which a person was embedded.

Quiz 11: Adulthood: Emerging Adulthood