Question 1

The compound below is named potassium 2-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate.

Accepted Answer

The compound has a potassium cation (K+) and a 2-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate anion, which indicates that it is a salt of the carboxylic acid 2-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoic acid. The correct name for this salt is potassium 2-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate.

Question 2

Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

Aspirin is actually a weak acid, not a strong acid.

Question 3

When the compound below reacts with water in the presence of HCl, ethanol and acetic acid are formed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the compound below reacts with water...

Question 4

When soap is mixed with water, the nonpolar hydrocarbon tails dissolve the dirt on the exterior of micelles.

Accepted Answer

When soap is mixed with water, the nonpolar hydrocarbon tails of the soap molecules do not dissolve the dirt; instead, they embed the dirt inside the micelles formed by the soap molecules, with the nonpolar tails facing inward and the polar heads facing outward towards the water.

Question 5

To be active, aspirin must cross a cell membrane, and to do so, it must be ionic.

Accepted Answer

Aspirin is a non-ionic compound, therefore it can cross cell membranes by simple diffusion.

Question 6

Clavulanic acid (structure shown)is a drug used in conjunction with some antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. How many chirality centers are in clavulanic acid?

Accepted Answer

Clavulanic acid contains two chirality centers, indicated by the asterisks in the structure.

Question 7

Clavulanic acid (structure shown)is a drug used in conjunction with some antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. How many chirality centers are in clavulanic acid?

Accepted Answer

Clavulanic acid has two stereogenic centers, marked by asterisks in the image. Therefore, there are two possible stereoisomers of clavulanic acid.

Question 8

Animal fats and vegetable oils are composed of triacylglycerols.

Accepted Answer

Animal fats and vegetable oils are both types of lipids known as triacylglycerols, which are composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone.

Question 9

Which of these structures represents a soap?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these structures represents a soap?
...

Question 10

Aspirin relieves pain and decreases inflammation because it prevents the synthesis of prostaglandins, the compounds responsible for both of these physiological responses.

Accepted Answer

Aspirin inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are mediators of pain and inflammation, so by inhibiting their synthesis, aspirin can alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.

Question 11

Triacylglycerols are esters formed from glycerol and three acids, each of which has a long carbon chain bonded to the carbonyl group.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately defines a triacylglycerol molecule.

Question 12

Which name is possible for a carboxylic acid?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which name is possible for a carboxylic...

Question 13

Clavulanic acid (structure shown)is a drug used in conjunction with some antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. Which of these functional groups is NOT contained in clavulanic acid?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clavulanic acid (structure shown)is a drug used...

Question 14

The compound below can hydrogen bond to another molecule like itself.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The compound below can hydrogen bond to...

Question 15

Treatment of an amide (RCONHR')with water in the presence of an acid catalyst (HCl)forms a carboxylic acid with the structure R'COOH, and an amine salt with the structure RNH₃⁺ Cl^-.

Accepted Answer

The treatment of an amide (RCONHR') with water in the presence of an acid catalyst (HCl) forms a carboxylic acid with the structure RCOOH, and an ammonium salt with the structure R'NH3+ Cl-.

Question 16

Which compound is the most soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which compound is the most soluble in...

Question 17

A common type of reaction for acyl compounds is substitution.

Accepted Answer

Acyl compounds, such as carboxylic acids, esters, and acid chlorides, readily undergo substitution reactions with nucleophiles, such as water, alcohols, or amines, replacing the leaving group attached to the carbonyl carbon atom. Common examples include hydrolysis of esters to form carboxylic acids and alcohols, and conversion of acid chlorides to amides.

Question 18

The compound below is named potassium 2-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate.

Accepted Answer

The name of the compound follows the IUPAC nomenclature and correctly identifies the potassium salt of 2-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoic acid.

Question 19

Fischer esterification can be used to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid.

Accepted Answer

Fischer esterification is a commonly used method to synthesize aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) from salicylic acid.

Question 20

Clavulanic acid (structure shown)is a drug used in conjunction with some antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. Which of these functional groups is NOT contained in clavulanic acid?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clavulanic acid (structure shown)is a drug used...

Quiz 17: Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Amides

The compound below is named potassium 2-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate.

Which statement is false?

When the compound below reacts with water in the presence of HCl, ethanol and acetic acid are formed.

When soap is mixed with water, the nonpolar hydrocarbon tails dissolve the dirt on the exterior of micelles.

To be active, aspirin must cross a cell membrane, and to do so, it must be ionic.

Clavulanic acid (structure shown) is a drug used in conjunction with some antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. How many chirality centers are in clavulanic acid?

Clavulanic acid (structure shown) is a drug used in conjunction with some antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. How many chirality centers are in clavulanic acid?

Animal fats and vegetable oils are composed of triacylglycerols.

Which of these structures represents a soap?

Aspirin relieves pain and decreases inflammation because it prevents the synthesis of prostaglandins, the compounds responsible for both of these physiological responses.

Triacylglycerols are esters formed from glycerol and three acids, each of which has a long carbon chain bonded to the carbonyl group.

Which name is possible for a carboxylic acid?

The compound below can hydrogen bond to another molecule like itself.

Treatment of an amide (RCONHR')with water in the presence of an acid catalyst (HCl)forms a carboxylic acid with the structure R'COOH, and an amine salt with the structure RNH₃⁺ Cl^-.

Which compound is the most soluble in water?

A common type of reaction for acyl compounds is substitution.

The compound below is named potassium 2-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate.

Fischer esterification can be used to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid.

Quiz 17: Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Amides

The compound below is named potassium 2-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate.

Which statement is false?

When the compound below reacts with water in the presence of HCl, ethanol and acetic acid are formed.

When soap is mixed with water, the nonpolar hydrocarbon tails dissolve the dirt on the exterior of micelles.

To be active, aspirin must cross a cell membrane, and to do so, it must be ionic.

Clavulanic acid (structure shown) is a drug used in conjunction with some antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. How many chirality centers are in clavulanic acid?

Clavulanic acid (structure shown) is a drug used in conjunction with some antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. How many chirality centers are in clavulanic acid?

Animal fats and vegetable oils are composed of triacylglycerols.

Which of these structures represents a soap?

Aspirin relieves pain and decreases inflammation because it prevents the synthesis of prostaglandins, the compounds responsible for both of these physiological responses.

Triacylglycerols are esters formed from glycerol and three acids, each of which has a long carbon chain bonded to the carbonyl group.

Which name is possible for a carboxylic acid?

Clavulanic acid (structure shown) is a drug used in conjunction with some antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. Which of these functional groups is NOT contained in clavulanic acid?

The compound below can hydrogen bond to another molecule like itself.

Treatment of an amide (RCONHR')with water in the presence of an acid catalyst (HCl)forms a carboxylic acid with the structure R'COOH, and an amine salt with the structure RNH3+ Cl-.

Which compound is the most soluble in water?

A common type of reaction for acyl compounds is substitution.

The compound below is named potassium 2-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate.

Fischer esterification can be used to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid.

Clavulanic acid (structure shown) is a drug used in conjunction with some antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. Which of these functional groups is NOT contained in clavulanic acid?

Treatment of an amide (RCONHR')with water in the presence of an acid catalyst (HCl)forms a carboxylic acid with the structure R'COOH, and an amine salt with the structure RNH₃⁺ Cl^-.