Question 1

The notion that peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed nations is known as

Accepted Answer

The notion of traditional or less developed institutions evolving into those of more developed nations is a central theme in modernization theory. Dependency theory emphasizes the opposite: that less developed nations are structurally dependent on more developed nations and cannot follow the same path of development. Regional analysis and colonialism are related concepts but do not directly address the evolution of institutions in peripheral nations.

Question 2

The project sponsored by the United Nations to eliminate extreme poverty worldwide is called the

Accepted Answer

The project sponsored by the United Nations to eliminate extreme poverty worldwide is called the Millennium Project. This project was launched in 2000 and set out eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to be achieved by 2015, which included reducing extreme poverty and hunger, achieving universal primary education, improving maternal health, and combating HIV/AIDS, among others. The project has since been succeeded by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, which aim to continue the progress made by the MDGs and tackle new challenges.

Question 3

Current modernization studies generally take a(n)________ approach,which focuses on how societies are moving closer together.

Accepted Answer

The term "convergence" refers to the process by which societies are becoming more alike and moving closer together in terms of technology, culture, and values. This is the perspective that underlies most contemporary modernization studies. Choice A (conflict) is not applicable here because it refers to a perspective that emphasizes conflict and struggle within society. Choice B (interactionist) is also not applicable because it focuses on the actions and interactions of individuals and small groups, rather than large-scale societal changes. Choice C (dramaturgical) is a perspective that sees social life as a series of performances or staged interactions, and is not directly relevant to modernization studies.

Question 4

The worldwide integration of government policies,cultures,social movements,and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas is known as

Accepted Answer

The term "globalization" refers to the integration of various aspects (such as trade, culture, finance, and politics) on a worldwide level. It describes the interconnectedness and interdependence between individuals, organizations, and nations across the globe. Dependency, colonialism, and neocolonialism are related concepts, but they do not encompass the full extent of globalization.

Question 5

Modernization refers to the

Accepted Answer

Modernization refers to the process by which a society moves from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies. It involves changes in social, economic, and political structures, as well as in cultural values and norms. It is not limited to core nations and can occur in any country or region.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a multinational corporation?

Accepted Answer

Coca-Cola has bottling plants throughout the world, which is a characteristic of a multinational corporation. Option A is incorrect because having international customers does not necessarily make a company a multinational corporation. Option B is incorrect because selling products from different countries does not necessarily make a company a multinational corporation.

Question 7

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that multinational corporations exploit local workers to maximize profits?

Accepted Answer

The conflict perspective views society as a struggle for resources and power between different groups. In this case, multinational corporations are seen as exploiting local workers, who are viewed as being in a subordinate position relative to the corporations, in order to maximize profits for the benefit of the corporations' owners and shareholders. The conflict perspective would also argue that this exploitation perpetuates inequality and perpetuates the unequal distribution of power and resources in society.

Question 8

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that multinational corporations help create social stability within a society by creating jobs and global enterprise?

Accepted Answer

The functionalist perspective emphasizes the positive contribution of various social institutions, including corporations, to the overall stability and functioning of society. Multinational corporations are viewed as agents of economic growth and development, providing employment opportunities, generating wealth, and facilitating international trade and cooperation. From this perspective, the positive impact of corporations on social stability outweighs any negative consequences of their activities.

Question 9

Commercial organizations headquartered in one country that own or control other corporations or subsidiaries throughout the world are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Multinational corporations are commercial organizations headquartered in one country that own or control other corporations or subsidiaries throughout the world. Option A, international companies, is a broader term that can include both domestic and foreign companies doing business across borders. Options C and D are not commonly used terms in the field of international business.

Question 10

In order for the Millennium Project to succeed,United Nations planners estimated that the industrialized nations must each set aside how much aid for developing countries?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order for the Millennium Project to...

Question 11

Sociologists are quick to note that terms such as modernization and development contain a(n)________ bias.

Accepted Answer

The term "modernization" and "development" contain an ethnocentric bias because they imply that the Western way of life is the most advanced and civilized, while other cultures are primitive and need to catch up. This perspective ignores the diversity of cultures and fails to recognize the potential value of diverse ways of life.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about multinational corporations is true?

Accepted Answer

The statement that the value of sales of the largest multinational corporations exceeds the total value of goods and services of many peripheral nations is true. The other statements are false.

Question 13

The multinational corporation Walmart made less than which of the following countries in 2012?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The multinational corporation Walmart made less than...

Question 14

Which sociological perspective would most likely compare the relationship between a colonial nation and the colonized people to the relationship between the dominant capitalist class and the proletariat class?

Accepted Answer

The conflict perspective is based on the idea that society is characterized by inequalities based on power struggles between different groups. In this case, the dominant capitalist class is seen as exploiting the proletariat class for their own profit, much like the way in which a colonial nation exploits the resources and labor of the colonized people for their own gain. Both relationships are characterized by unequal distribution of power and resources, and the conflict perspective would be most likely to compare them.

Question 15

As a way to illustrate the conflict perspective on global inequality,your textbook mentions that a Guatemalan farm worker who picks coffee beans would have to work for ________ in order to afford to purchase one pound of Starbucks coffee sold in the U.S.

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, a Guatemalan farm worker who picks coffee beans would have to work for 5 days in order to afford to purchase one pound of Starbucks coffee sold in the U.S. This example illustrates the significant global economic inequality and the exploitation of low-wage labor in developing countries.

Question 16

In the weeks immediately following the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001,the far-reaching economic repercussions began to affect businesses and workers worldwide.This phenomenon can best be explained by

Accepted Answer

Globalization refers to the interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and societies across the world. The economic impacts of the 9/11 attacks were felt globally due to increased globalization, as many businesses and industries rely on international trade and travel.

Question 17

The goal of the United Nations Millennium Project was to

Accepted Answer

The United Nations Millennium Project aimed to halve extreme poverty worldwide by 2015 through a set of eight goals, including reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, combating HIV/AIDS, and ensuring environmental sustainability. The project did not focus on reducing the power of multinational corporations, raising GDP, or eliminating malnourishment specifically.

Question 18

Conflict theorists contend that multinational corporations are attracted to developing countries because developing countries

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists argue that multinational corporations are drawn to developing countries because these countries offer a large pool of cheap labor, a lack of strong trade unions, and often have policies that create a favorable "climate for investment." These factors enable corporations to maximize profits by exploiting cheap labor without facing significant opposition from workers or government regulations.

Question 19

The process by which a society moves from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies is called

Accepted Answer

The process described here is called modernization, which refers to the transformation of a society's institutions to become more modern, industrialized, and technologically advanced. World systems analysis and developmental theory are related concepts, but focus more on the global economic and political systems underlying development. Reconstructionism is not a recognized term in social science.

Question 20

Who among the following has noted that modern societies tend to be urban,literate,and industrial,with sophisticated transportation and media systems,and families in such societies are organized within the nuclear family unit rather than the extended family model?

Accepted Answer

Wendell Bell is known for his theory of "postindustrial society" which identifies characteristics of modern societies, including urbanization, literacy, industrialization, sophisticated transportation and media systems, and an emphasis on the nuclear family rather than extended family.

Quiz 29: Stratification in the World System