Question 1

What are the two major forms of love?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the two major forms of...

Question 2

Cathy and Miguel have been dating for 6 months. Which of the following is likely to be LEAST important in their relationship considering that both are in early adulthood?

Accepted Answer

While loyalty is an important aspect of any relationship, it may not be the primary focus for individuals in early adulthood who may prioritize other aspects of their relationship such as passion, physical attraction, and romance.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of George Vaillant's longitudinal studies of adulthood and aging?

Accepted Answer

Vaillant's studies found that factors such as good coping skills and gratitude were linked with being in the "happy-well" category in later life.

Question 4

The researchers in the Mills College Study concluded that rather than being in a midlife crisis, the women were experiencing

Accepted Answer

The Mills College Study concluded that women were experiencing a "midlife consciousness", which is characterized by an increased awareness of mortality and a desire for personal growth and fulfillment. This phenomenon is different from a midlife crisis, which is often associated with negative and impulsive behaviors.

Question 5

According to a study by Donnellan, Larsen-Rife, and Conger (2005), individuals high on ________ were more likely to have satisfying romantic relationships.

Accepted Answer

The study found that individuals high on agreeableness were more likely to have satisfying romantic relationships. This is because agreeableness is associated with traits such as being cooperative, empathetic, and compassionate, which are all important for successful relationships. Individuals who score high on agreeableness are often more forgiving and understanding of their partner, and are better able to handle conflict and communicate effectively.

Question 6

According to research, which of the following is a difference between individuals high in conscientiousness and individuals high in neuroticism?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals high in conscientiousness tend to have healthier lifestyles and better stress management, contributing to a longer lifespan. In contrast, individuals high in neuroticism often experience higher levels of stress and negative emotions, which can adversely affect their health and potentially lead to a shorter lifespan.

Question 7

Most research studies indicate that the greatest change in personality traits occurs in

Accepted Answer

Most research studies suggest that the greatest change in personality traits occurs during early adulthood, specifically between the ages of 20 and 40. This period is often referred to as the "Big Five" personality trait development stage, where individuals experience significant changes in their levels of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Personality is thought to be relatively stable after this period, with only minor changes occurring throughout midlife and late adulthood.

Question 8

Middle-aged Americans agree that a major component of their well-being involves

Accepted Answer

The answer of Middle-aged Americans agree that a major component...

Question 9

Don and Ellie have been married for over 30 years. Which of the following is likely to be MOST important in their relationship?

Accepted Answer

After 30 years of marriage, security is likely to be the most important aspect of Don and Ellie's relationship. This includes emotional and financial security, as well as a sense of stability and commitment to each other. While romance and passion may still be present, they are less likely to be the driving force in a relationship that has lasted for such a long time. Infatuation, by definition, is a short-lived intense attraction, and is therefore unlikely to be important in a lifelong partnership.

Question 10

Which of the following was one of the groups distinguished by Helson and her colleagues in the Mills College Study?

Accepted Answer

Helson and her colleagues distinguished between three groups of women in the Mills College Study: family-oriented women, career-oriented women, and those who experienced conflict between their family and career goals. Option B corresponds to the career-oriented group. Options A, C, and D are not mentioned in the question as being part of the study's groups.

Question 11

According to Helson's Mills College Study, women who did not commit themselves to one of the lifestyle patterns (family-oriented, career-oriented, and those who followed neither path)

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Helson's Mills College Study, women...

Question 12

In the longitudinal studies by George Vaillant, one of the factors at age 50 that was linked with being in the "happy-well" category of 75- to 80-year-olds was

Accepted Answer

Vaillant found that being future-oriented and having a positive outlook on the future was a significant factor in predicting happiness and well-being in later life. Wealth, job stability, and having children did not have a significant impact on the "happy-well" category.

Question 13

In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of the following characteristics was generally stable in the life span of an adult?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of...

Question 14

A study by Briley, Domiteaux, and Tucker-Drob (2014) revealed that ________ was related to superior cognitive functioning and IQ across the life span.

Accepted Answer

The study found that openness was related to superior cognitive functioning and IQ across the life span.

Question 15

The ________ model of personality development states that with time and age people become more adept at interacting with their environment in ways that promote increased stability in personality.

Accepted Answer

The cumulative model of personality development suggests that personality traits become more stable and consistent over time through the accumulation of experiences and learning. This view suggests that as individuals age, they become more competent at managing their lives and their personalities become more integrated and coherent. The cumulative model emphasizes the role of environmental factors, such as learning and experience, in shaping personality over time.

Question 16

What is John Clausen's (one of the researchers in the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies) criticism about the adult stage theories?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is John Clausen's (one of the...

Question 17

According to George Vaillant's longitudinal studies, ________ in middle age was more strongly related than intimacy to whether individuals would have an enduring and happy marriage at 75 to 80 years of age.

Accepted Answer

Vaillant found that individuals who scored higher on measures of generativity, which refers to a sense of responsibility and concern for future generations, were more likely to have a successful and satisfying marriage in later life. This was a stronger predictor than intimacy or assuming traditional gender roles. Stagnation and autonomy were not studied as predictors of marital success by Vaillant.

Question 18

Vaillant's research showed that at age 50, the best predictors of who would be dead at 75 to 80 years of age were

Accepted Answer

Vaillant's research identified alcohol abuse and smoking as the best predictors of mortality by the age of 75 to 80, highlighting the significant impact of these lifestyle choices on long-term health.

Question 19

A meta-analysis conducted by Zhao, Seibert, and Lumpkin (2010) revealed that ________ was linked to greater entrepreneurial success.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A meta-analysis conducted by Zhao, Seibert, and...

Question 20

In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of the following characteristics generally changed the most in the life span of an adult?

Accepted Answer

The Berkeley Longitudinal Studies found that nurturance or hostility generally changed the most in the life span of an adult. This was based on a study of over 200 individuals followed from childhood through old age, and it was found that there was considerable variability in the other listed characteristics, but a significant increase in overall nurturance and decrease in overall hostility as people aged.

Quiz 16: Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood