Question 1

Just as the transition from elementary school to middle or junior high school involves change and possible stress, so does the transition from high school to college. The two transitions have many parallels. Which of the following is one of them?

Accepted Answer

The top-dog phenomenon refers to the shift from being at the top of the social hierarchy in high school to being at the bottom in college. This shift can be stressful and lead to feelings of insecurity and isolation, similar to the transition from elementary to middle or junior high school where students may also experience a shift in social status. A) is incorrect because both high school and college have a personal school structure, while elementary and middle or junior high schools may have less personal structures. B) is incorrect because parental monitoring typically decreases in college as students gain more independence. D) is incorrect because there is typically increased interaction with peers in college as students have more opportunities to live and study together.

Question 2

Most of us reach our peak physical performance

Accepted Answer

According to research, most people reach their peak physical performance before the age of 30, often between the ages of 19 and 26. This is due to various factors such as hormonal changes, muscle development, and bone density. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 3

The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to as emerging adulthood, which occurs from approximately ________ years of age.

Accepted Answer

According to research, emerging adulthood occurs from approximately 18 to 25 years of age. This is a period of transition between adolescence and adulthood where individuals often explore different identities and take on more adult responsibilities.

Question 4

Examples of Dana Torres (Olympic swimmer) and Tom Watson (golfer) have been used to illustrate that

Accepted Answer

The examples of Dana Torres and Tom Watson exemplify that highly conditioned athletes can continue to perform at a winning level even at an older age, stretching the upper limits of what was previously thought possible.

Question 5

Which of the following is a positive feature of the transition from high school to college?

Accepted Answer

The transition from high school to college provides opportunities for students to explore different lifestyles and values, which can be a positive experience for personal growth and development. The other options are not necessarily positive features of the transition.

Question 6

The concept of emerging adulthood has been criticized as applying mainly to

Accepted Answer

The concept of emerging adulthood has been criticized for being limited to individuals who are privileged, such as those who have the economic means to prolong their education and postpone adult responsibilities. It is not associated with any particular educational level or behavior.

Question 7

In a study conducted by Nelson and others (2007), both parents and college students agreed that taking responsibility for one's actions and ________ are important aspects of becoming an adult.

Accepted Answer

The study found that both parents and college students agreed that taking responsibility for one's actions and developing emotional control were important aspects of becoming an adult. Option A (physical maturity) is not mentioned in the study, option B (spiritual maturity) is not a focus of the study, and option D (community service) is not explicitly mentioned in the study as being important for becoming an adult.

Question 8

"Many emerging adults are optimistic about their future, and for emerging adults who have experienced difficult times while growing up, emerging adulthood presents an opportunity to direct their lives in a more positive direction." These are the two ways described by Jeffrey Arnett in which emerging adulthood can be viewed as

Accepted Answer

Jeffrey Arnett argues that emerging adulthood can be viewed as the age of possibilities because many emerging adults are optimistic about their future and see this period as an opportunity to direct their lives in a positive direction.

Question 9

Ajith was able to pursue gymnastics with the support and encouragement from his family. During his career as a sportsperson, he represented his country at several international gymnastic competitions. In the context of physical performance and development, which of the following is most likely true of Ajith?

Accepted Answer

Gymnasts often reach their peak performance in their late teens due to the physical demands and agility required for the sport, which aligns with Ajith winning most of his medals during this time.

Question 10

In the United States, the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is

Accepted Answer

Holding a more or less permanent, full-time job is often seen as a sign of financial independence and responsibility, which are both important markers of adulthood in American culture. While the other options (moving into one's own home, getting married, and having a child) are also seen as important milestones, they are not as universal or necessary for all individuals.

Question 11

Which of the following athletes would be most likely to peak the earliest?

Accepted Answer

Swimmers typically peak in their late teens or early twenties due to the intense physical demands of the sport and the potential for burnout. Golfers and baseball players can maintain their performance well into their thirties or beyond, while marathon runners often peak in their late twenties to early thirties.

Question 12

In nonindustrialized countries, marriage-the marker for entry into adulthood-usually occurs ________ the adulthood markers in the United States.

Accepted Answer

In nonindustrialized countries, marriage is seen as the marker for entry into adulthood, and it usually occurs much earlier than the adulthood markers in the United States such as finishing education, starting a career or buying a home.

Question 13

James, an American, will be most likely considered as an adult by his peers and community when he ________, whereas Nirmal, who lives in Bangladesh, will be most likely considered as an adult by his community when he ________.

Accepted Answer

In many cultures, gaining financial independence, graduating from college or turning a certain age may not necessarily be the milestone of adulthood. Instead, societal values and norms play a significant role in determining when an individual is considered an adult. In Bangladesh, getting a full-time job and getting married are often seen as important indicators of adulthood, while in the US, moving out of the house, graduating from college or getting a full-time job may be more significant. Thus, option B is the best choice as it correctly reflects the social expectations of each respective culture.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true about the various markers of adulthood?

Accepted Answer

While marriage may be a significant marker of adulthood in some cultures, it is not universal, particularly in developing countries where other markers such as completion of education or having children may be more significant. Economic independence, on the other hand, is often seen as a key marker of adult status, but achieving it is often a long and difficult process. The criteria for adulthood can vary across different cultures and economies.

Question 15

According to the surveys conducted by the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, which of the following is true of college students?

Accepted Answer

According to the surveys conducted by the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, an increasing number of first-year college students report having higher levels of stress and depression. The surveys have shown that mental health concerns have become more prevalent among college students in recent years. Thus, option D is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because the surveys indicate that interest in developing a meaningful philosophy of life has remained stable. Option B is incorrect because the surveys suggest that concern for the well-being of others has declined slightly over the years. Option C is incorrect because the surveys show that personal well-being remains a significant concern for college students.

Question 16

Derek is a young adult who recently graduated from college. Despite excelling at academics, he is unable to find a meaningful job. Derek has maturity fears, which he has been experiencing since his early adolescent years. He continues to live with his parents and relies on them for financial support. According to Joseph and Claudia Allen, which of the following should Derek's parents have done to launch him adequately into the adult years?

Accepted Answer

According to Joseph and Claudia Allen's theory of "Launching," parents should create service learning opportunities for their children to help them transition into adulthood. This will give them a sense of purpose and a chance to learn practical skills that they can use in the workforce. This will also help them become more independent and self-sufficient, which is essential for successfully navigating adult life. Assigning tasks that match their level of ability is also important but is just one aspect of helping them launch into adulthood. Protecting them from criticism and showering them with praise and material things may actually hinder their growth and development.

Question 17

According to the national survey conducted by the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, today's college students are ________ than students in previous generations.

Accepted Answer

Today's college students report higher levels of depression compared to students in previous generations, according to surveys conducted by the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA.

Question 18

According to Jeffrey Arnett, which of the following statements accurately describes emerging adulthood as a time during which individuals are self-focused?

Accepted Answer

According to Jeffrey Arnett, emerging adulthood is a time during which individuals are relatively free from social obligations and have a great deal of autonomy in running their own lives. This allows them to focus on their own personal growth and development.

Question 19

Muscle tone and strength usually begin to show signs of decline around the age of ________.

Accepted Answer

Muscle tone and strength typically start to decline around the age of 30, a process known as sarcopenia. This decline can be mitigated through regular physical activity and strength training.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true about the various aspects of emerging adulthood?

Accepted Answer

The statement that increased freedom in emerging adulthood places a premium on the capacity to plan ahead and make positive choices is true. This is because emerging adults have more independence and responsibility compared to earlier stages of development, and they need to navigate complex choices and decisions about their future. This is particularly true in Western societies where traditional social structures and roles are less rigid, and individuals have more options and flexibility in choosing their own paths.

Quiz 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood