Question 1

Cholesterol comes in two forms, ________ and HDL.
A) LDL
B) BDL
C) GAL
D) QUL

Accepted Answer

The two forms of cholesterol are LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein). BDL, GAL, and QUL are not forms of cholesterol.

Question 2

Samantha gets a blood test done, and the test results indicate that her level of bad cholesterol is high and that she will have to keep it under control. She researches online and finds out that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is referred to as bad cholesterol. Which of the following best explains the reason why LDL is referred to as bad cholesterol?
A) High levels of LDL increase the risk of breast cancer.
B) High levels of LDL cause arteriosclerosis.
C) Low levels of LDL accelerate the process of aging.
D) Low levels of LDL cause atherosclerosis.

Accepted Answer

High levels of LDL cause arteriosclerosis, which is a condition in which the walls of the arteries become thick and stiff, impeding blood flow and leading to various cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, LDL is considered bad cholesterol.

Question 3

Which of the following is the result of reduced blood supply to the eye in the 50s and 60s?
A) an increase in accommodation of the eye
B) an increase in the eye's blind spot
C) an increase in the visual field's size
D) an increase in the amount of light entering the eye

Accepted Answer

Reduced blood supply to the eye in the 50s and 60s could result in an increase in the eye's blind spot. This is because the blind spot is the area on the retina where the optic nerve exits the eye, and if the blood supply to the retina is reduced, the cells in this area may become damaged or die off, resulting in a larger blind spot. Accommodation, visual field size, and amount of light entering the eye are not directly affected by reduced blood supply to the eye.

Question 4

Landon is 45 years old, and he is obese and suffers from hypertension. He was recently diagnosed with a condition called metabolic syndrome and was advised to exercise every day as well as eat small and healthy meals. In this scenario, which of the following is Landon most likely to suffer from because of his condition?
A) arteriosclerosis and cirrhosis of the liver
B) pancreatic cancer and fatty liver
C) irritable bowel syndrome and gastric ulcers
D) diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Accepted Answer

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Given Landon's age, obesity, and hypertension, he is at high risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which are the most common conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. While other conditions may be possible, they are less likely in this scenario. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 5

Which of the following is a reason for the reduction in light received by the retina during middle adulthood?
A) an increase in the size of the iris
B) an increase in blood supply to the eye
C) reduced size of the pupil
D) reduced opacity of the lens

Accepted Answer

As people age, the muscles that control the size of the pupil weaken, causing the pupil to become smaller and reducing the amount of light that enters the eye. This reduction in size is one of the reasons for the reduction in light received by the retina during middle adulthood.

Question 6

LDL is often referred to as ________ cholesterol.
A) "simple"
B) "good"
C) "bad"
D) "white"

Accepted Answer

LDL is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because too much of it in the blood can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Question 7

As an orthopedic surgeon, Carla is advising her patient who is in his mid-20s to make some changes to his diet and include exercises in his daily routine as that would ensure his bone density is normal. Which of the following statements, if true, best supports her advice?
A) Peak functioning of the body's joints usually occurs in the 30s.
B) By the end of midlife, bones break more easily and heal more slowly.
C) Maximum bone density occurs by the mid- to late 20s.
D) The rate of bone density loss decelerates in the 50s.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As an orthopedic surgeon, Carla is advising...

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of cardiovascular disease?
A) When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened.
B) When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased.
C) When HDL is low and LDL is high, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened.
D) When both HDL and LDL are low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened.

Accepted Answer

HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is known as "good" cholesterol and helps remove LDL (low-density lipoprotein), or "bad" cholesterol, from the bloodstream. When HDL levels are high and LDL levels are low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is reduced.

Question 9

Sandra is turning 50 this year. At this age, she can expect certain age-related conditions, such as loss of strength in her legs and back and difficulty in viewing objects and hearing clearly, to affect her. Of the vision-related issues that affect individuals, which of the following is Sandra most likely to experience because of her age?
A) difficulty in viewing moving objects
B) difficulty in viewing bright objects
C) difficulty in viewing close objects
D) difficulty in viewing complicated patterns

Accepted Answer

As individuals age, the lens of their eyes becomes less flexible and has difficulty focusing on close objects. This condition is called presbyopia, and it is common in individuals over 40. As Sandra is turning 50, she is likely to experience difficulty in viewing close objects.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of the physical changes in bones?
A) Maximum bone density occurs in late adolescence.
B) By the end of early adulthood, bones break more easily and heal more slowly.
C) The rate of bone loss is steady throughout the life span.
D) Women lose bone mass twice as fast as men do.

Accepted Answer

Women generally experience a faster rate of bone mass loss than men, especially after menopause, due to hormonal changes.

Question 11

Vanessa was never prescribed glasses as a child as she did not have any vision problem. Now, at the age of 45 years, which of the following tasks is most likely to cause her difficulty?
A) reading a newspaper
B) watching TV
C) looking at a turn signal indicator on a vehicle
D) reading a road sign during the day

Accepted Answer

At the age of 45, Vanessa is likely experiencing presbyopia, a common age-related condition that makes it difficult to see objects up close, such as reading a newspaper. This condition is due to the hardening of the lens inside the eye, making it harder to focus on close objects.

Question 12

Which of the following is an outcome of reduced blood supply to the eye during late middle age?
A) decrease in the visual field's size
B) decrease in the eye's blind spot
C) formation of wrinkles under the eyes
D) increase in the size of the pupil

Accepted Answer

Reduced blood supply to the eye during late middle age can result in a decrease in the visual field's size, as the retina receives less oxygen and nutrients. This can lead to a gradual loss of peripheral vision. The other options (B, C, D) are not directly related to reduced blood supply to the eye.

Question 13

Silas is a man who is in his late 70s. He has a condition characterized by hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance. This is otherwise known as
A) diabetic neuropathy.
B) metabolic syndrome.
C) internal atrophy.
D) neurodegeneration.

Accepted Answer

The condition described is known as metabolic syndrome, which is a group of risk factors that increase the risk for developing heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Having hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance are all common components of metabolic syndrome. Diabetic neuropathy refers to nerve damage caused by diabetes, internal atrophy is not a recognized medical condition, and neurodegeneration refers to the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons.

Question 14

Sensitivity to ________ sounds usually declines first among ________.
A) high-pitched; women
B) high-pitched; men
C) low-pitched; women
D) low-pitched; men

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that men tend to have more hearing loss in the higher frequencies than women, meaning they may become less sensitive to high-pitched sounds earlier on than women.

Question 15

The ability to focus and maintain an image on the retina is referred to as ________ of the eye.
A) muscle integrity
B) focal power
C) visual acuity
D) accommodation

Accepted Answer

Accommodation refers to the eye's ability to adjust its focal length to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance from the eye varies. This process involves changing the shape of the lens inside the eye to focus light rays onto the retina.

Question 16

During middle age, the sensitivity to ________ sounds declines first.
A) low-pitched
B) high-volume
C) high-pitched
D) high-amplitude

Accepted Answer

As we age, the sensitivity to high-pitched sounds declines first due to the degeneration of hair cells in the inner ear that are responsible for detecting high-frequency sounds. This decline in sensitivity is called presbycusis.

Question 17

At 60 years of age, the retina receives only ________ as much light as it did at 20 years of age.
A) two-thirds
B) one-fourth
C) half
D) one-third

Accepted Answer

As we age, our eyes undergo several changes that affect our vision. One of these changes is the loss of sensitivity of the retina to light. At around 60 years of age, the retina receives only about one-third as much light as it did at 20 years of age. This loss of sensitivity to light can lead to difficulty seeing in low light conditions and can contribute to the development of night vision problems.

Question 18

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is often referred to as ________ cholesterol because when it is high and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lower.
A) good
B) simple
C) complex
D) compound

Accepted Answer

HDL is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps to remove excess LDL, or "bad" cholesterol, from the bloodstream and return it to the liver for disposal. When HDL levels are high and LDL levels are low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lower.

Question 19

Michelle's blood test reveals that her level of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is very high and that it makes the LDL stick to the sides of the blood vessels, thus causing the arteries to harden. In this scenario, Michelle is most likely to suffer from a condition known as
A) arteriosclerosis.
B) osteoporosis.
C) multiple sclerosis.
D) atherosclerosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Michelle's blood test reveals that her level...

Question 20

Accommodation of the eye experiences its sharpest decline between ________ years of age.
A) 20 and 29
B) 60 and 79
C) 40 and 59
D) 30 and 35

Accepted Answer

The accommodation of the eye experiences its sharpest decline between 40 and 59 years of age, which means that people in this age range may require reading glasses or bifocals to see clearly up close.

Quiz 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Cholesterol comes in two forms, ________ and HDL.

Which of the following is the result of reduced blood supply to the eye in the 50s and 60s?

Which of the following is a reason for the reduction in light received by the retina during middle adulthood?

LDL is often referred to as ________ cholesterol.

As an orthopedic surgeon, Carla is advising her patient who is in his mid-20s to make some changes to his diet and include exercises in his daily routine as that would ensure his bone density is normal. Which of the following statements, if true, best supports her advice?

Which of the following statements is true of cardiovascular disease?

Which of the following statements is true of the physical changes in bones?

Vanessa was never prescribed glasses as a child as she did not have any vision problem. Now, at the age of 45 years, which of the following tasks is most likely to cause her difficulty?

Which of the following is an outcome of reduced blood supply to the eye during late middle age?

Silas is a man who is in his late 70s. He has a condition characterized by hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance. This is otherwise known as

Sensitivity to sounds usually declines first among .

The ability to focus and maintain an image on the retina is referred to as ________ of the eye.

During middle age, the sensitivity to ________ sounds declines first.

At 60 years of age, the retina receives only ________ as much light as it did at 20 years of age.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is often referred to as ________ cholesterol because when it is high and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lower.

Michelle's blood test reveals that her level of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is very high and that it makes the LDL stick to the sides of the blood vessels, thus causing the arteries to harden. In this scenario, Michelle is most likely to suffer from a condition known as

Accommodation of the eye experiences its sharpest decline between ________ years of age.