Question 1

In the context of parent-child relationships, the major shift to autonomy with regard to children does not occur until about age ________ or later.

Accepted Answer

The major shift to autonomy with regard to children occurs around the age of 12 or later. This is when children start to assert their independence, develop their own identities, and become more self-sufficient. It marks the beginning of adolescence and the transition from childhood to adulthood. Before this age, children still rely heavily on their parents for guidance and support in making decisions and navigating the world around them.

Question 2

An analysis of stepfamilies found that ________ percent of children in stepfamilies show adjustment problems.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that about 25% of children in stepfamilies exhibit adjustment problems, which is a higher rate than in nuclear families but not as high as often presumed.

Question 3

The extent to which children are liked or disliked by their peer group is called their ________ status.

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the extent to which children are liked or disliked by their peer group is their sociometric status. The other options (psychometric and socioeconomic) are not directly related to peer acceptance, and while popularity is a related concept, it does not capture the full range of positive or negative evaluations that peers may have of a child.

Question 4

Benjamin, a student, sits at the back of the classroom. Only few children in the class know his name. He does not have any best friends, but he is not disliked by his classmates. Which of the following is Benjamin's probable peer status?

Accepted Answer

Benjamin's description fits the definition of a neglected peer status. He is not actively excluded or disliked, but he is not well-known or popular among his classmates.

Question 5

Anthony is rarely nominated as someone's best friend. He is actively disliked by many children in his class. In the context of peer statuses, Anthony would be classified as a(n) ________ child.

Accepted Answer

Anthony's active dislike by many children in his class indicates that he belongs to the rejected category of peer status. These children have low levels of social skills and are often excluded by their peers.

Question 6

Erica, who has two children, marries Wayne. Wayne has a daughter from his previous marriage. After the union, their family will be considered a ________ stepfamily.

Accepted Answer

A complex stepfamily is one where both partners bring children from previous relationships into the new household. In this case, Erica brings two children and Wayne brings one, making their family a complex stepfamily.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key developmental task as children move toward autonomy?

Accepted Answer

Learning to relate to adults outside the family on a regular basis is a key developmental task as children move toward autonomy. As children grow, they need to learn how to interact with adults outside the family and develop relationships that will help them in their futures. This includes teachers, coaches, mentors, and other adults in their communities. Through these relationships, children can develop skills such as communication, problem-solving, and self-advocacy that will serve them well as they become more independent.

Question 8

Peer competence in middle and late childhood has been linked to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Peer competence in middle and late childhood...

Question 9

Most of Blanca's classmates call her a "bully," and many say that they "don't like her at all." Only few children consider her to be a friend. Which of the following is Blanca's probable peer status?

Accepted Answer

Blanca's classmates call her a "bully" and "don't like her at all," indicating that she is likely rejected by her peers. The few children who consider her a friend suggest that she does not fit the neglected category. She is also not popular as most students do not like her. Controversial implies a mix of positive and negative reactions from peers, but in this scenario, it appears that most of her classmates have negative feelings towards her.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of stepfamilies?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that about two-thirds of stepfamilies are formed after a divorce, while one-third is formed due to death of a spouse. Option B is incorrect as research suggests that stepfamilies are more likely to have elementary and secondary school-aged children rather than infants or preschool children. Option C is incorrect as the histories and multiple relationships involved in stepfamilies make adjustment between the couples more complex rather than simpler. Option D is incorrect as research shows that stepfather families are more common, and the mother may or may not have custody of the children.

Question 11

In the context of the five peer statuses distinguished by developmentalists, ________ are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked.

Accepted Answer

Controversial children are often both highly liked and highly disliked by their peers. They may be seen as both engaging and entertaining, but also disruptive and difficult to manage.

Question 12

According to John Coie, which of the following is a reason why aggressive, peer-rejected boys have problems in social relationships?

Accepted Answer

According to John Coie, aggressive, peer-rejected boys have problems in social relationships because they are more impulsive and have problems sustaining attention.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true of peer groups and peer interactions in middle and late childhood?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that children in middle and late childhood spend approximately thirty percent of their time with peers. Option B is incorrect because the size of the peer group usually increases with age. Option C is also incorrect because children in middle and late childhood usually prefer same-sex peer groups. Option D is incorrect because, as children get older, they tend to have more independence and less adult supervision in their peer interactions.

Question 14

Only ________ of stepfamily couples stay remarried.

Accepted Answer

One-third of stepfamily couples stay remarried, as stepfamilies often face unique challenges that can impact the stability of the marriage.

Question 15

According to developmentalists, which of the following is a peer status among children?

Accepted Answer

According to developmentalists, neglected children are a peer status among children. This refers to children who are not actively disliked by their peers but are simply ignored and receive little attention or engagement from them. Gifted, homeschooled, and conforming children are not considered peer statuses.

Question 16

In the context of developmental changes in parent-child relationships, which of the following is true of family management practices?

Accepted Answer

Family management practices, such as setting clear expectations and monitoring behavior, have been shown to have a positive relationship with students' academic achievement and grades.

Question 17

Gavin is rarely nominated as a best friend, but his peers don't dislike him. In the context of peer statuses, Gavin would be classified as a(n) ________ child.

Accepted Answer

Gavin is not disliked by his peers but is simply overlooked, meaning he is a neglected child.

Question 18

In the context of peer statuses, ________ children give out reinforcements, listen carefully, maintain open lines of communication with peers, are happy, control their negative emotions, act like themselves, show enthusiasm and concern for others, and are self-confident without being conceited.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the characteristics of popular children, who are well-liked and accepted by their peers. Rejected children are disliked by their peers, controversial children are viewed differently by different peers, and average children are simply seen as "normal" by their peers, without standing out positively or negatively.

Question 19

Middle childhood is a period in which some control is transferred from parent to child. This process is gradual and produces

Accepted Answer

The transfer of control from parent to child in middle childhood is known as coregulation, as both the parent and child work together to regulate behavior and decision-making. Choices A, B, and D are not accurate descriptions of this process.

Question 20

Angie's mother allows her to schedule her study and relaxation time on her own and, in turn, expects Angie to continue doing well in school and to discuss her activities ahead of time. Her mother frequently checks on her school progress and talks to her about her problems and her social life. In this context, Angie's mother's approach to parent-child relationships is most likely to be a process of

Accepted Answer

Angie's mother is giving her some autonomy by allowing her to schedule her own study and relaxation time, but still maintaining some level of supervision and guidance by checking on her school progress and discussing her activities with her. This is an example of coregulation, where the parent and child work together to find a balance between independence and guidance.

Quiz 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood